Gelatin diperoleh dari hidrolisis parsial kolagen pada kulit, tulang, kulit jangat, dan jaringan penghubung dari tubuh binatang, yang banyak digunakan baik pada industri pangan, non pangan, maupun farmasi. Gelatin umumnya berasal dari sapi dan babi. Bahan sumber gelatin dari babi menjadi masalah di Indonesia yang mayoritas berpenduduk muslim, karena babi diharamkan untuk dikonsumsi, sedangkan bahan gelatin dari mamalia terutama sapi juga menimbulkan masalah lain berkaitan dengan berita penyakit sapi gila (mad cow disease) atau bovine spongioform encephalopathy (BSE). Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pemanfaatan tulang ikan tenggiri sebagai sumber alternatif gelatin halal. Tulang ikan tenggiri merupakan hasil samping atau limbah pada industri rumah tangga yaitu pembuatan pempek di kota Palembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan gelatin halal dari tulang ikan tenggiri yang dihidrolisis menggunakan larutan asam yang berasal dari perasan jeruk nipis dengan variasi rasio asam/tulang ikan 1:3, 1:5, dan 1:7. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh padatan gelatin yang berwarna coklat. Rasio tulang ikan/asam 1 : 3 adalah rasio optimum yang menghasilkan rendeman tertinggi yaitu 2,4643% dengan kadar air 24,20%. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dan pengembangan komoditi perikanan khususnya di wilayah sumatera selatan.

One of alkaline earth metal oxide is calcium oxide, CaO has more attention because it has high strength, low solubility in methanol, and can be synthesized from sources that are easy to obtain. One of the sources of CaO and showed its catalytic properties was the golden snail shell. In this study, synthesize ash golden snail shell modified with fly ash leached and non-leached as a source of silicate (SiO2) has been investigated. The CaO/fly ash catalyst was applied to the transesterification reaction of used cooking oil. There are three catalysts have synthesized, namely golden snail shell calcined (CK), 75% golden snail shell calcined modified by 25% fly ash (CKFA), and by 25% fly ash leached (CKFAL). Based on the results of characterization with spectrophotometer X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), golden snail shell calcined at 900 ˚C containing 93.94% Ca (OH)2. Modified CaO catalyst from golden snail shell and fly ash were active to convert used cooking oil become biodiesel.

Analytical chemistry is one branch of chemistry in which there is a way to determine certain ion levels using selective and specific reagents. One type of ion that can be known is the sulfate ion. Sulfate ions are one of the main anions that appear in water naturally. Sulfate is one of the important ions in water availability because of its important effect on humans when it is available in large quantities. The maximum limit of sulfate in water is around 250 mg / L for human-consumed water. This study uses qualitative analysis to determine whether water in the Jakabaring Sport City Palembang region contains sulfate ions or not. Samples taken directly from five different points were reacted with HCl and BaCl2. The results obtained are the five positive water samples containing sulfate ions which are characterized by the formation of white deposits.