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The working principle of the single-fibre reflection (SFR) probe is that light emitted by a laser diode is guided into the measuring volume by the same fibre which receives the proportion of light reflected by the particles in the vicinity of the probe tip and transmits it back to a photosensitive element. In contrast to

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Measuring techniques for gas/solid fluidized bed reactors. Significant progress has been made in the field of fluidization in recent years due to its application to the combustion of coal as well as sewage sludges and other residues. The new applications have also created a demand for new measuring techniques. In the present paper the available measuring techniques for fluid mechanical properties are reviewed, ranging from simple measurements for the determination of bed expansion to more sophisticated techniques for the determination of local solids concentrations, velocities, and mass flows. Furthermore, the problem of gas sampling from fluidized bed reactors is discussed. Among others, a measuring technique based on mass spectrometry is presented for local and instantaneous measurements of gas concentrations.