Introduction The cochlear anatomy varies in each individual, and that has an impact on decisions regarding the insertion of electrodes. The measurement of the cochlear size is the routine examination required to choose the proper cochlear implant (CI) electrodes. Objective To acquire normative data on the size of the cochlea (length, width, height, scala timpani [ST] height, cochlear duct length [CDL]) of CI candidates in Medan, Indonesia. Methods This descriptive study was conducted based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone data and on HRCT temporal data manipulated to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar images with OsiriX MD DICOM Viewer version 9.5.1 (Pixmeo SARL, Bernex, Geneva, Switzerland) viewer of 18 patients (36 ears) who were CI candidates in Medan, Indonesia, in order to determine cochlear length (A), cochlear width, cochlear height, ST height and CDL, calculated through a simple mathematical function. Results The average cochlear length (A) was 8.75 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 0.31 mm); the average cochlear width was 6.53 mm (SD = 0.35 mm); the average cochlear height was 3.26 mm (SD = 0.24 mm) and the average ST height at the basal cochlea was 1.00 mm (SD = 0.1 mm); and 0.71 mm (SD = 0.1 mm) at the half turn of cochlea. The average total CDL was 32.45 mm (SD = 1.31 mm; range: 30.01–34.83 mm). Conclusion The cochlear size varies in each individual; therefore, the temporal bone measurement of CI candidates using HRCT is essential: for the selection of suitable implant electrodes; to minimize cochlear damages at the insertion of the electrode arrays; and to maximize the hearing improvements.

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Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the major health problems found in many populations in the world and a cause of high morbidity and high mortality. However, there is no single theory that explains how and why chronic otitis media occurs. There are many studies on the function of Eustachian tube. However, the role of the Eustachian tube angle and the relationship with the occurrence of CSOM has not been widely studied. This study aimed to evaluate the mean of Eustachian tube angle and to examine the diffrentiation between angle of Eustachian tube in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patient with and without cholesteatoma. Subjects and Methods:This research is a case-control study. Study group consist of 27 patients of CSOM with cholesteatoma and 27 patients of CSOM without cholesteatoma included as controlling. All patients are examined by using CT temporal and measured the angle of Eustachian tube using Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) technique on osirix program. The data was analyzed using independent T test Results: The mean of the Eustachian tube angle in CSOM with cholesteatoma in female patients was 28.69 0 and male 27.78 0 whereas in the CSOM group without cholesteatoma in female patients was 33.81 0 and men 31.87 0 . The mean of Eustachian tube angle in CSOM patients with cholesteatoma is 28.22 0 and CSOM without cholesteatoma is 33.00 0 . In independent T test, the result showed significant differentiation (p= 0.001) between the angle of Eustachian tube in patients CSOM with and without cholesteatoma. Conclusion: The advance of technology makes easier to measure of Eustachian tube angle. In men found that the Eustachian tube angle is more horizontal than women. There is diffrence between the angle of the Eustachian tube with the occurrence of cholesteatoma in CSOM.

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is the second most prevalent disease found in children after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI). AOM prevalence varies in different countries, ranging between 2.3 -20%. Epidemiological studies of AOM in developing countries are very rare. As of today, no prevalence data of AOM found in North Sumatera. Thus, there needs to be an epidemiological data to establish prevention strategy and treatment based on population profile. The objective of this study is to acquire prevalence data and patient profile of AOM in North Sumatera. This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The study population is all the people living in North Sumatera Province who were selected through Simple Random Sampling in several chosen sub-districts. The inclusion criteria of this study is the total population who are willing to be the subject of this study. AOM patients was found as much as 37 of 1726 subjects. Therefore, the prevalence of AOM is 2.1%. Women comprise more of the group (51.4%). The most prevalent age group is 0-5 years old (45.9%). The most prevalent symptom is otalgia (37.8%). The prevalence of AOM in North Sumatera is 2.2%. There is a need for better ear care and screening program for early detection of this disease.

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