Background:The molecular mechanisms regulating brain development are unclear. Results: HDAC3 deletion disrupts the organization of certain neuronal cell types and the proportions of some glial cell types in the cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion: HDAC3 regulates brain development, and other HDACs cannot compensate for its function. Significance: Our study identifies a key player in the regulation of brain development.

Adolescence is a period when the intellectual, physical, social, emotional and all the capabilities are very high, but, unfortunately, most of the adolescents are unable to utilize their potential to maximum due to various reasons.  They face many emerging issues such as global warming, famines, poverty, suicide, population explosion as well as other issues like alcoholism, drug abuse, sexual abuse, smoking, juvenile delinquency, anti-social acts, etc. that have an adverse effect on them and others too, to a large extent. The cut-throat competition, unemployment, lack of job security, etc. are some of the major concerns for the educated and as a result, they are caught in the mad race.  This new challenge requires immediate and effective responses from a socially responsible system of education. ‘Education’ is important, but education to support and live life better is more important. It has been felt that life skills education bridges the gap between basic functioning and capabilities. It strengthens the ability of an individual to meet the needs and demands of the present society and helps in dealing with the above issues in a manner to get desired behavior practical. Imparting life skill training through inculcating life skill education will help youth to overcome such difficulties in life. The present paper focuses on the importance of life skills education and the benefits of imparting life skill education in our curriculum i.e. developing social, emotional & thinking skills in students, as they are the important building blocks for a dynamic citizen, who can cope up with future challenges, and survive well.

As the interest in the seismic design of structures has increased considerably over the past few years, accurate predictions of the dynamic responses of soil and structural systems has become necessary. Such predictions require a knowledge of the dynamic properties of the systems under consideration. This paper is concerned with the uniqueness of the results in the identification of such properties. More specifically, the damping and stiffness distributions, which are of importance in the linear range of response, have been investigated. An N-storied structure or an N-layered soil medium is modeled as a coupled, N-degree-of-freedom, lumped system consisting of masses, springs, and dampers. Then, assuming the mass distribution to be known, the problem of identification consists of determining the stiffness and damping distributions from the knowledge of the base excitation and the resulting response at any one mass level. It is shown that if the response of the mass immediately above the base is known, the stiffness and damping distributions can be uniquely determined. Following this, some nonuniqueness problems have been discussed in relation to the commonly used ideas of system reduction in the study of layered soil media. A numerical example is provided to verify some of these concepts and the nature of nonuniqueness of identification is indicated by showing how two very different (yet physically reasonable) systems could yield identical excitation-response pairs. Errors in the calculation of the dynamic forces, due to erroneous identification have also been illustrated thus making the results of the present study useful from the practical standpoint of the safe design of structures to ground shaking.

This paper describes a single body-mounted sensor that integrates accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, barometers, a GPS receiver, and a methodology to process the data for biomechanical studies. The sensor and its data processing system can accurately compute the speed, acceleration, angular velocity, and angular orientation at an output rate of 400 Hz and has the ability to collect large volumes of ecologically-valid data. The system also segments steps and computes metrics for each step. We analyzed the sensitivity of these metrics to changing the start time of the gait cycle. Along with traditional metrics, such as cadence, speed, step length, and vertical oscillation, this system estimates ground contact time and ground reaction forces using machine learning techniques. This equipment is less expensive and cumbersome than the currently used alternatives: Optical tracking systems, in-shoe pressure measurement systems, and force plates. Another advantage, compared to existing methods, is that natural movement is not impeded at the expense of measurement accuracy. The proposed technology could be applied to different sports and activities, including walking, running, motion disorder diagnosis, and geriatric studies. In this paper, we present the results of tests in which the system performed real-time estimation of some parameters of walking and running which are relevant to biomechanical research. Contact time and ground reaction forces computed by the neural network were found to be as accurate as those obtained by an in-shoe pressure measurement system.

The homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway maintains genetic integrity after DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage and is particularly crucial for maintaining fidelity of expressed genes. Histone H4 acetylation on lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is associated with transcription, but how pre-existing H4K16ac directly affects DSB repair is not known. To answer this question, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce I-SceI sites, or repair pathway reporter cassettes, at defined locations within gene-rich (high H4K16ac/euchromatin) and gene-poor (low H4K16ac/heterochromatin) regions. The frequency of DSB repair by HR is higher in gene-rich regions. Interestingly, artificially targeting H4K16ac at specific locations using gRNA/dCas9-MOF increases HR frequency in euchromatin. Finally, inhibition/depletion of RNA polymerase II or Cockayne syndrome B protein leads to decreased recruitment of HR factors at DSBs. These results indicate that the pre-existing H4K16ac status at specific locations directly influences the repair of local DNA breaks, favoring HR in part through the transcription machinery.