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Using a single-point sensor, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) discerns the individual electrical appliances of a residential or commercial building by disaggregating the accumulated energy consumption data without accessing to the individual components. To classify devices, potential features need to be extracted from the electrical signatures. In this article, a novel features extraction method based on current shapelets is proposed. Time-series current shapelets are determined from the normalized current data recorded from different devices. In general, shapelets can be defined as the subsequences constituting the most distinguished shapes of a time-series sequence from a particular class and can be used to discern the class among many subsequences from different classes. In this work, current envelopes are determined from the original current data by locating and connecting the peak points for each sample. Then, a unique approach is proposed to extract shapelets from the starting phase (device is turned on) of the time-series current envelopes. Subsequences windowed from the starting moment to a few seconds of stable device operation are taken into account. Based on these shapelets, a multi-class classification model consisting of five different supervised algorithms is developed. The performance evaluations corroborate the efficacy of the proposed framework.

This article presents an efficient design architecture of an islanded and scalable DC microgrid comprising several power management units (PMUs) and a time slot-based control interface. There are two primary sections in this manuscript-performance analysis of a microgrid design with phase shift modulation (PSM)-controlled dual active bridge (DAB) converter-based PMUs to charge Li-ion battery energy systems and design of a time slot-based control scheme to regulate the operation of PMUs for future applications. The batteries can act as the power sources in home energy management systems, transactive energy systems and so on. The PMUs are connected in parallel to a capacitive bus, which is supplied power by a photovoltaic (PV) energy source. There is a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control block, which is constituted by a perturb and observe (P & O) algorithm and boost converter average model. For performance evaluations, the DAB-based microgrid design is developed and tested in MATLAB/Simulink [textregistered]. In the second section, the control interface design is illustrated and explained with the constituent algorithms.

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