The effect of waru leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) supplementation as saponin source on ruminal fermentation characteristics were studied using in vitro gas production techniques. Rumen fluid was taken from fistulated Ongole crossbreed cattle. The treatments consisted of control treatments (Napier grass with monensin and Napier grass without waru leaf (0% saponin level) and waru leaf supplementation treatments as much as 11, 22, 33, and 44 mg of feed (in dry matter basis) or equal to 5, 10, 15, and 20% saponin level added to feed substrate of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The result showed that protozoa numbers and total gas production were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in line with the increasing of saponin level compared to 0% saponin level, while NH 3 , VFA concentration and pH after 48 h fermentation were not affected by the treatment. VFA concentration increased by waru leaf up to 10% saponin level then decreased at level 15 and 20%. Ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P) and non glucogenic ratio (NGR) decreased at 5, 10, and 15% saponin level, but increased at level 20%. It could be concluded that waru leaf supplementation at 10% saponin level of feed was the optimum level which gave positive effect on rumen feed fermentation.

<p>Ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) is one kind of plants to be processed as traditional medicine, drinks, and spices. the smallest type of ginger that has many benefits as medical plant. Demand for ginger plants growing in the community is increasing. Additions of manure and arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase the quality and quantity of ginger. This was conducted to obtain the kinds of manure and levels of AMF to ginger to produce optimum growth and yield. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two treatment factors, namely planting medium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Results were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there is a real difference continued DMRT 5% level. The results showed that the differences in the kinds of manure and the levels of AMF increase growth and yield of ginger. Chicken manure application showed the highest results in the fresh weight of stover plant, dry weight of plant stover, fresh weight of plant rhizomes, and dry weight of the rhizomes. Whereas the additions of AMF 15 grams per plant in zeolite showed the highest results in the number of plant tillers, dry weight of plant stover, fresh weight of plant rhizomes, and dry weight of the rhizomes.</p>

<p><em>Several studies have found a correlation between servant leadership and work engagement, but a more in-depth study is still needed to analyze the relationship between the two in different research subjects, namely, honorary employees. This study aims to determine the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement among honorary employees. All respondents consist of 72 honorary employees selected using the total sample technique. The instruments used are the Utrecht Work Engagement Survey (UWES) and the Servant Leadership Scale. The results of the Spearman rank correlation test in this study show a correlation coefficient value of 0.559 (p &lt; 0.05), which can be interpreted as a significant positive relationship between servant leadership and work engagement among honorary employees.</em></p><p> </p>

<em>Sidaguri</em> (<em>Sida rhombifolia</em>) is a wild plant with the ability to cure various diseases. Continuous exploitation of natural source can reduce the sustainability of this plant species. On the other hand, this plant is often ignored because it is considered as weed. This study aims to provide information about proper cultivation of <em>Sidaguri</em> to the community and medicinal plant farmers in order to maintain its sustainability and its potential to be used as cultivated plant. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors: transplanting techniques (<em>puteran</em>, <em>cabutan</em>, stump) and water availability (50, 37.5, 25, 12.5% water field capacity). Observation data were analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by DMRT test at 5% upon the significant result. The results have revealed that the transplanting technique of transplanting tillers with <em>puteran</em> technique produces the best growth and 25% water availability increases plant growth and yield. The result suggests that <em>Sidaguri</em> is a plant that is tolerant to drought.