Objective: Numerous empirical studies and theoretical models posit that shame is a common experience among individuals across the eating disorder spectrum. In this study we aim to investigate the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms using a meta-analytical approach.Method: In this meta-analysis, we synthesized findings from 195 studies to examine the proposed association between shame and eating disorders symptoms. We looked at the associations with both general eating disorders symptoms and with specific eating disorders symptoms (i.e., anorexic, bulimic, and binge-eating symptoms). Moderation analyses testing for the effect of type of shame, type of eating symptoms, clinical status, quality of the study, age, and gender were conducted.Results: Shame was significantly associated with a medium to large effect size with all types of eating disorders symptoms (rs between .40 and .52). Body shame (r = .55) and shame around eating (r = .59) were more strongly related with eating disorders pathology. Type of eating disorders symptoms did not moderate the relationship between shame and disturbed eating.Discussion: Overall, the magnitude of the effect size of the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms is a medium to large one. Body shame and shame around eating seem to be the types of shame most closely tied with eating disorders symptoms, suggesting that directly targeting them in interventions might be highly beneficial. Findings highlight current gaps in the literature (e.g., mostly correlational studies, low quality studies) with implications for future research.
ResumenObjetivo: Numerosos estudios empíricos y modelos te oricos postulan que la vergüenza es una experiencia común entre las personas en todo el espectro de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. En este estudio pretendemos investigar la asociaci on entre la vergüenza y los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios utilizando un enfoque meta-analítico.Método: En este metanálisis, se sintetizaron los hallazgos de 195 estudios para examinar la asociaci on propuesta entre los síntomas de la vergüenza y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Revisamos las asociaciones tanto con síntomas generales de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y con los síntomas específicos de los trastornos alimentarios (por ejemplo, síntomas de anorexia, bulimia y de atrac on). Se realizaron análisis de moderaci on que analizaron el efecto del tipo de vergüenza, el
Background
According to empirical evidence, trait anger and emotion regulation strategies are associated with depression severity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of trait anger and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in explaining the variance of depressive symptoms severity.
Methods
Two hundred three participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder completed measures of depression, trait anger, depressive rumination, anger rumination and experiential avoidance. Path analysis using Mplus was employed for data analysis.
Results
Trait anger and depressive rumination were significant predictors of the level of depressive symptomatology, while experiential avoidance and anger rumination did not predict the level of depressive symptoms severity.
Conclusion
Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and trait anger seem to be associated with the level of depressive symptoms, and, as such, should also be investigated when working with depressive symptomatology.
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