Development of aquaculture represents the major socioeconomic factor which defines not only development of the fishery industry, but also the respective federal districts, including the Southern Federal District. The developed analysis of the current state of development of aquaculture in the Southern Federal District of Russia is provided. Problems of development of aquaculture in the Southern Federal District of Russia are revealed. It is necessary to optimize technology processes in aquaculture. Optimization of technology processes will allow to achieve worthy results in this type of activity for our country. The strategy of scientific and technical development of the Russian Federation defined the directions allowing to receive scientific and technical results and to create technologies – basis of the innovative development of domestic market of products and services, and steady position of our country in foreign market. These directions will allow to provide transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly agro-and to aquaculture, production of safe and qualitative food stuffs. The technologies of commercial fish farming used in the Southern Federal District of Russia will make possible in short terms to increase quantity and production of live fish and to reduce its cost value.

Development of aquaculture is the important socio-economic factor defining modern development of the fishery industry in corresponding federal districts, including the Southern Federal District. The analysis of the current state of aquaculture of the Southern Federal District is provided and it is shown that development is possible only in case of industrialization of aquaculture and integration into it of relevant scientific and technology solutions (biotechnologies). Cultivation using biotechnology is carried out in the territory of the Southern Federal District by the Southern scientific center RAS at NEB (scientific expedition base) “Kagalnik”. The developed technology meets priorities and perspectives of scientific and technology development of the Russian Federation, allows one to create production being basis of the innovative development of domestic market of products and also steady position of Russia in foreign market. Biotechnology is based on technology of intensive cultivation of fishes and agricultural products in single complex using the biological product stimulating growth of plants. The implementation of technology will allow to achieve the maximum growth of useful products from unit of area. To achieve a transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly agro- and aquaculture in the southern regions of Russia, it is necessary to develop integrated biotechnologies.

The article identifies and presents an indicator (relaxation time), which can be regarded as a key criterion concerning suitability of crops for nutrition. The allowable ranges of the values criteria for ecological and economic assessment of living standards are considered.The authors have conducted comparative characteristic of quality of tomatoes, fruits and seeds of melons. The qualitative analysis of used water for irrigation was made. This condition guarantees quantity and quality of the crop, which is closely interrelated with health security issues. The proposed admissible limits scale featured 4 gradations (minimum; neutral; middle and maximum).The practical appliance of Nanodiagnostic method for identifying product quality in agriculture, based on the methodology "Shammas", ensures the effective environmental and economic assessment of value and quality of life.The duration of express method is less than 30 minutes, and it is conducted on molecular genetic level, which is a proof of universality of proposed nanoinstrumentarium.

The organization of traffic is a complex of engineering and organizational arrangements aimed at maximizing the use of traffic flows opportunities represented by the road geometric parameters and condition. The article deals with an example of using software modeling for creating a digital twin of a complex intersection in Saratov in order to verify the engineering hypotheses concerning the effective transportation planning. The current traffic situation in the PTV VISSIM program is simulated. The transportation planning engineering hypothesis proposed and simulated the solution options of changing the working traffic light duration at the intersection for verifying and widening the carriageway by adding a lane. The analysis of two models options allowed determining the most effective transportation planning measure in a given transport hub of the city with a high level of traffic delays, which is actually the duration change of the working traffic light at the intersection. The software modeling application is confirmed for creating a digital twin complex intersection in Saratov.

The transport system of the South of Russia plays an important role in the development of the economic space. Russian special economic zones do not form an integrated network; they can be characterized rather as individual, separate, innovation-oriented “oases in the desert” of the low-tech Russian economy. The goal of creating port special economic zones on the territory of the Russian Federation is to stimulate the development of the port economy and the development of port services that are competitive with foreign counterparts. The paper considers the experience of creating special economic zones of various types and their functioning in Russia for the period from 2005 to 2018, which allows to conclude that this process is ambiguous, inconsistent, contradictory. The reason for this, in particular, is the lack of an effective zone management system at the federal and local levels. In this regard, the prospect of the integrated use of public-private partnership instruments in creating a special economic zone has been proved. The article substantiates the need and prospects for the formation of a special port zone in Astrakhan region, which will become the basis of a large transport hub contributing to the development of “North-South” International Transportation Corridor.