No abstract

Information on micronutrient adequacy of diets of rural Indonesian lactating women is lacking, despite their high nutrient requirements. This is of concern because deficits in micronutrient intakes may compromise the health of both mothers and infants. This study aimed to assess micronutrient adequacy and dietary diversity (DD) among rural lactating women and explore relationships between micronutrient adequacy, DD, and intakes of energy and food groups consumed. We measured in-home 12-h weighed food records and 12-h recalls over three non-consecutive days from 121 exclusively breastfeeding women at 2–5 months postpartum. Next, we calculated intakes of energy and 11 micronutrients and estimated probability of adequacy (PA) for usual intakes of 11 micronutrients for each women taking into account national fortification of wheat flour with thiamin, riboflavin, folate, zinc, and iron. We assessed DD from nine food groups consumed. Energy and macronutrient balance were within recommended ranges, yet population prevalence of adequacy was less than 50% for niacin, vitamins B6 and C, and less than 60% for calcium, vitamin B12 and vitamin A, all micronutrients not targeted by the national wheat flour fortification program. In contrast, population prevalence of adequacy for the fortified micronutrients was at least 60%, with iron and zinc attaining 79% and 97%, respectively. Overall mean population prevalence of micronutrient adequacy was 57% and mean (±SD) DD score was 4.3±1.2. Mean PAs, a composite measure based on individual PAs over 11 micronutrients, were strongly correlated with energy intakes and with DD scores. In the multivariate models with maternal education and wealth index as covariates, organ meats were the most important determinant of mean PA after controlling for energy intake. In conclusion, despite wheat flour fortification, lactating mothers remained at risk of multiple micronutrient inadequacies. Increasing intakes of animal source foods including organ meats, and fruits and vegetables should be considered.

Latar belakang. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak adalah faktor nutrisi terutamapemberian ASI eksklusif. Hubungan antara ASI eksklusif dan perkembangan kognitif telah diketahui padaanak usia sekolah tetapi pada bayi belum banyak diketahui dan belum ada penelitian yang mengukur IQpada bayi khususnya di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian. Membandingkan fungsi kognitif bayi berusia 6 bulan yang diberi ASI eksklusi danbukan ASI eksklusif.Metode. Penelitian cohort ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2007. Subjek penelitian bayi usia 4 bulanyang mendapat ASI eksklusif dan noneksklusif yang bertempat tinggal di lingkungan Puskesmas CigondewahBandung diikuti sampai usia 6 bulan. Perkembangan kognitif dinilai dengan skala Griffith dan dikonversikanmenjadi nilai IQ. Dampak ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan kognitif dianalisis dengan uji t.Hasil. Dari 86 bayi yang diteliti, 8 bayi drop out, 39 ASI eksklusif dan 39 bayi noneksklusif. Tidak adaperbedaan karakteristik subjek dan karakteristik orangtua subjek. Rata-rata IQ bayi ASI eksklusif 128,3(8,8), rentang IQ bayi ASI eksklusif 112-142 sedangkan bayi ASI noneksklusif rata-rata 114,4 (12,1), rentangIQ 82-137. Kelompok ASI eksklusif IQ di atas rata-rata 32 bayi dan di bawah rata-rata 7 bayi sedangkan ASInoneksklusif IQ di atas rata-rata 19 bayi dan di bawah rata-rata 20 bayi. Pemberian ASI noneksklusif berpeluangterjadinya IQ di bawah rata-rata 1,68 kali lebih besar dibandingkan di atas rata-rata (x2=9,57; p=0,002).Kesimpulan. Dari aspek fungsi kognitif pemberian ASI eksklusif memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingdengan yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif

AbstrakSindrom nefrotik (SN) merupakan kelainan glomerulus yang ditandai proteinuria masif, hipoalbuminemia, edema, dan hiperlipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar albumin serum dan persentase edema pada anak penderita SN dalam serangan. Suatu uji analitik korelasional rancangan crosssectional dilakukan selama bulan Agustus 2009 sampai Januari 2010. Subjek penelitian adalah anak penderita SN dalam serangan, usia 1-14 tahun, berobat ke poliklinik atau dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin dan RS Jejaring (RSU Cibabat dan RSU Ujung Berung). Persentase edema dihitung dengan mengurangi total body water (TBW) anak saat sakit dengan TBW ideal, kemudian hasilnya dipersentasekan dengan TBW ideal. Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji korelasi Spearman. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 29 subjek terdiri atas 26 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan. Kadar albumin serum rata-rata 1,45 g/dL dan persentase edema 21,6%. Hasil Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat bermakna (p=0,006) antara kadar albumin serum dan persentase edema (r=-0,501). Simpulan, terdapat hubungan negatif antara kadar albumin serum dan persentase edema pada anak penderita SN dalam serangan. [MKB. 2015;47(1):55-9] Kata kunci: Kadar albumin serum, persentase edema, sindrom nefrotik dalam serangan Correlation Between Serum Albumin Levels and Percentage of Edema during Nephrotic Stage in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome AbstractNephrotic syndrome (NS) is a glomerular disorder characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum albumin levels and percentage of edema during nephrotic stage in children with NS. Cross-sectional design with correlational analytic was used in this study. The subjects of this study were outpatients and inpatients with NS during nephrotic stage, aged between 1 and 14 years old, admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Cibabat Hospital, and Ujung Berung Hospital from August 2009 to January 2010. Percentage of edema was calculated by substracting total body water (TBW) during illness to ideal TBW, then divided the result by ideal TBW. Subjects were 29 children, consisted of 26 boys and 3 girls. Mean serum albumin levels was 1.45 g/dL and percentage of edema was 21.6%. Analysis using Spearman correlation test showed a highly significant correlation (p=0.006) between serum albumin levels and percentage of edema in children with NS during nephrotic stage (r=-0.501).In conclusion, there is a negative correlation between serum albumin levels and percentage of edema during nephrotic stage in children with NS. [MKB. 2015;47(1):55-9]