Induction heating is clean environmental heating process due to a non

Electric karting was modelled for efficiency and energy consumption study. The model includes models of battery, power electronics converter, electric motor, and vehicle dynamic of a typical 48 seconds track driving schedule in Europe competition. The regenerative braking energy was also considered in simulation. The comparison of different type of electric motors-direct current (DC) motor, induction motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), brushless direct current motor (BLDC), and switched reluctance motor (SRM)-and batteries-Lead Acid, Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP), Nickel Metal Hybride (NiMH)-also were investigated. Finally, the efficiency was compared between the different type of electric motor and battery. The result shown that the SRM and LMP Battery has a high efficiency and performance compare to the others.

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Abstract The need for an efficient electric drive system which has high torque and speed, low maintenance costs is getting increased. However, the motors which are commonly used, such as induction motors and DC motors, have not been able to meet the need. Therefore, a new model with efficiency System and energy consumption using simulated software "MATLAB ® or Simulink®" is made. This model includes battery, power electronics converters, electric motors, and transmission systems. In this case the energy system during regenerative braking breaking is also taken into account. The result of the efficiency value of the batteries, inverter, electric motor and the total efficiency value of the overall system is gathered from the control Brushless Motor (BLDC) models HHDB 350-1000 Watt and some batteries type SOC with capacity 34-48 Ah used.

This paper aims at providing high quality air pollutant emissions analysis, so that policy makers have reliable information in shaping environmental priorities. The study was conducted in Batam, a special economic zone that is packed by industries.Emissions of NOx, CO, SOx, PM10,  and HC were estimated using the 2013 EMEP/EEA methods and those of COx were estimated using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, both were tier 2 methods where applicable. We found that powerplants, large-scale heavy industrymetals and mobile sources were important emission sources, while area sources such ashotels, hospitals, restaurants, universities, banks, malls, vehicle repairs, housings, gas stations, facilities under constructions, landfills, and electronics manufacturing companiescontributed much less significant to the total emissions. By mapping all sources, we found that the air pollution sources densely populated along the main streets. Conclusively, this paper recommends some measures to improve the overall air quality in Batam.