Aim: This study aimed to sequence the Cytochrome c oxidase (COX-1) gene sequence from mitochondrial DNA of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits, align it with DNA isolated from Zi'gong rabbit (GenBank accession No. EU256389.1), and produce a phylogenetic analysis of S. scabiei COX-1 gene. Materials and Methods: S. scabiei mites were obtained from goats and rabbits, and DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. The forward and reverse primer sequences were designed based on the DNA sequence of an S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from the Zi'gong rabbit (5'-TCTTAGGGGCTGGATTTAGTATG-3' and 5'-AGTTCCTCTACCAGTTCCAC-3', respectively). To confirm sequencing output, the sequence resulting from the reverse primer was inverted and aligned to the sequence from the forward primer using Clone Manager Professional Version 9 for Windows (Scientific & Educational Software; http://www.scied.com). This alignment was subsequently used to build a phylogenetic tree, using the Neighbor- Joining method, in the MEGA6 program (https://www.megasoftware.net/). Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from S. scabiei isolates from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits produced bands of around 290 bp with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Comparing the DNA sequences of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene with those isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits showed 99% homology. Conclusion: PCR products of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were around 290 bp long. The sequences had more than 99% homology. The sequences of the COX-1 gene of S. scabiei from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were relatively close to the sequence of the gene in S. scabiei obtained from various hosts according to National Center for Biotechnology Information data.

Water pollution lately is often becomes an important topic due to its correlation with health. Heavy metals that accumulated in human body mostly come from food. One kind of food that used to be contaminated by heavy metals is fish. Therefore it is interesting to study the heavy metals content in fish, whether it comes from industrial contaminated water. Study on the content of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in ponds near and far from industrial areas has been conducted. The chosen areas were one from Sidoarjo area and one from Babat area, both are located in East Java. Samples were the meat of fish called tilapia (from Sidoarjo area), and milkfish and goldfish (from Babat area), also the water and mud from the ponds. Analytical method was wet destruction. Measurement of heavy metals content was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS). In Babat area’s pond water was not found neither Cr, Cu, Pb nor Zn, while Zn was detected in Sidoarjo area’s, however, it was under the limit of detection. The mud of both ponds contained Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The goldfish contained only Cu and Zn, whereas the tilapia and milkfish contained Cu, Pb and Zn, however the metals content were not exceeded the maximum limit stated in the PPOM regulation No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89.

Penyebab kematian lou han Cichlasoma synspilum adalah Aeromonas hydrophila dan Escherichia coli, dengan ciri adanya pendarahan dan luka pada sirip dada. E. coli kemungkinan besar tidak menyebabkan kematian ikan sebab sampai sekarang belum pernah ada laporan bahwa bakteri tersebut menyebabkan sakit pada ikan di mana pun. Gejala klinis utama yang terlihat dari luar adalah pendarahan di sirip dada dan menimbulkan luka yang cukup dalam. Cairan ascites menyebabkan membengkaknya perut, pembengkakan liver, dan kosongnya usus dari ikan yang sakit. Gambaran histopatologi menunjukkan nekrosis dan adanya vacuole pada hepatocyte. Sedangkan pada usus adalah rusaknya mucosal ephitelium, lamina propia stratum compactum, stratum granulosum dan muscularis. Ginjal mengalami kerusakan berat, hampir semua organela ginjal berantakan. Ikan ini dipelihara di aquarium sehingga menurunnya kualitas air atau kontaminasi lewat pakan dan penanganan yang buruk diduga sebagai portal of entry dari penyakit.