Original Scientific ArticleMac Vet Rev 2016; 39 (1): [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Thirty California female rabbits were obtained from the Animal Care Center, College of Agriculture, South Valley University and acclimated to laboratory conditions for one week. The Leiurus quinquestriatus (LQ) venom was collected from mature scorpions by electrical stimulation of the telson. A single dose of crude venom of 0.4 ml/kg (diluted in normal saline with a ratio of 1:1) was injected into a peripheral ear vein. The lungs, brains, hearts, kidneys, were sampled and fixed in 10% formalin from rabbits sacrificed at zero, 30 minutes, 1hr, and 4hrs, post-envenomation (three animals at each sacrifice). Respiratory distress and neurological manifestations were the main clinical signs. Congestion of the lungs was started at one hour postenvenomation. Vascular changes including hyperemia and hemorrhage were also observed till 24 hours post-envenomation. The main histopathological changes of the lungs were edema, hemorrhage, emphysema, and eosinophilic bronchitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed several eosinophils with abundant granules and breakdown of their membranes suggesting degranulation. The cerebrum showed malacia and edema. Myocardial damage expressed by focal area of myolysis at half-hour post-envenomation and interstitial edema by at 1, and 4 hour post-envenomation was also evident. In conclusion, scorpion venom induced consistent and relevant histopathological changes in all examined organs.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of DMSA and DMPS in treatment of lead toxicity in albino rats. One hundred twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups (30 each). The first was used as control, the 2 nd group was exposed to lead acetate in drinking water (100 ppm) for 12 weeks, the 3 rd group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2 nd group together with DMSA (135 mg/kg bworally by intubation) and the 4 th group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2 nd group together with DMPS (200 mumol/kg bw IP). The result revealed that the RBCs count showed a significant decrease in 2 nd group while in 3 rd and 4 th was recorded in the last 10 th and 12 th weeks. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed a significant decrease at the 6 th -12 th week in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups haematocrit percent (%) showed significant decrease in 2 nd & 4 th groups all over the study and in 6 th , 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks in 3 rd group. Haemoglobin level showed a significant decrease in 2 nd and in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks in 4 th and only at 12 th in 3 rd . A significant decrease in MCH values was recorded 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups. WBCs count showed a significant increase in 2 nd , 4 th weeks in group 2 nd and 3 rd while decreased at 10 th & 12 th weeks. In 4 th group, a significant decrease was noticed at 6 th , 8 th , 10 th and 12 th weeks. Serum AST and ALT showed a significant decrease at the 12 th week in 2 nd and increase at the 2 nd week in both 3 rd and 4 th . Gamma-GT showed no significant change in 2 nd in comparison with group 1. A significant decrease in 3 rd and 4 th was recorded at the 2 nd , 4 th , and 6 th weeks in comparison with 1 st & 2 nd . The histopathological examination revealed a clear variance between group 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th . Most of the recorded lesions in the liver, kidney and brain of 2 nd & 4 th groups at severe or moderate degree were absent or in a mild form in group 3 rd . In conlusion the two chelating agents (DMSA & DMPS) used run in nearly similar manner as every one has special advantages in treatment.