According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 90% of the workforce of the extractive fishing industry comes from artisanal fishing professionals, even though they play an important role in world food production, this working class faces diverse difficulties. Given the international recognition of the precariousness of the artisanal fishing profession, the main objective of this research was to know the socioeconomic and cultural reality of artisanal fishermen in the municipality of Cajueiro da Praia-PI, since artisanal fishing represents one of the main economic activities of the municipality.