An experiment was carried out using 55 (45 F1’S and 10 parents) genotypes of fenugreek to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for the characters under study indicating presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all character that founded little effect on the characters on environment. The highest GCV and PCV were observed in the trait number of branches per plant followed by yield per plant. The high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance in percent of mean were observed for number of branches per plant and yield per plant.

The present investigation was carried out to obtain information based on per se performances of parents and their combinations for genetic improvement in vegetable pea. Ten promising genotypes were crossed in a diallel manner (excluding reciprocals). Half diallel set of 45 F1’s in vegetable pea was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications for eighteen yield and yield attributing traits during Rabi 2020-21 (Y1) and 2021-22 (Y2) at the Main Experimental Station (MES), Department of Vegetable Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) India. The study evident that highly significant differences were observed for most of the traits under study. Based on per se performance, parent P10 (60.84 g) exhibited the highest green pod yield per plant followed by P5 (55.80 g). The per se performance of crosses i.e.  P7 x P10 (81.88 g) followed by P6 x P10 (81.87 g), P5 x P10 (79.66 g) and P5 x P7 (78.89 g) produced significantly higher green pod yield per plant than the general mean. These hybrids may be exploited as a new variety after selection and subjected to multi-locational trials for their release as cultivation on a commercial scale.

General and specific combining ability (GCA & SCA)  for yield and quality traits in tomato were studied by involving fourteen parental line were crossed in line x tester mating design comprising eleven line and three tester at M.E.S department of vegetable science ANDUAT, Ayodhya to estimate combining ability in tomato for fruit yield and quality traits. Combining ability analysis revealed that both additive and non-additive gene action for most of the characteristics and heterosis breeding for the improvement of these traits have been enhanced. Based on GCA effects of parents, the line NDT-4 and the testers Kashi chayan were identified as the best general combiner for yield and its important component. The crosses NDT-2×Arka vikash superior specific combiners for fruit yield per plant.

A diallel set of 10 parents and their 45 F1 hybrids developed through diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals) were analysed to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for seed yield and its component in fenugreek. The present study was conducted at Main Experimental Station, Department of Vegetable Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (UP), India, during Rabi, 2020-21 (Y1) and 2021–22 (Y2). Appreciable heterosis were found over better parent and standard variety for all the traits under study in desirable direction. For early maturity traits i.e., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity negative heterosis is desirable, for these traits cross combinations P1× P2, P2×P5, P1×P10 and P5×P9 exhibited highest significant heterosis over better parent and standard variety. Seed yield per plant being a compound trait and is a multiplicative product of several basic component characters of yield. The top three hybrids based on seed yield per plant, best hybrids were P5 × P9, P7 × P10 and P3 × P9.