Introduction– It is debated whether teenage pregnancy is associated with an adverse reproductive outcome. This study assessed the reproductive outcomes in teenage pregnancy in Nepal, a developing setting. Methods – Ahospital based retrospective cohort study of 4,101 deliveries to compare the outcomes between teenage and non-teenage pregnancies. Results – Pregnancy in teenagers was associated with significantly increased risk (P<0.05) of delivery of very and moderately preterm births and Low Birth Weight babies. There was no significant difference in risk of having small for gestational age babies, low APGAR score at birth at 1 min and 5min, stillbirth, neonatal death, and post partum hemorrhage. However, the risk of having delivery by episiotomy, vacuum or forceps and Caesarean section was significantly lower (P<0.05) among teenage mothers. Conclusion – Teenage women were more likely to have preterm births and low birth weight babies. However, they were less likely to have delivery by episiotomy, forceps or vacuum and Caesarean sections. In other respects, there were no significant differences between teenage and non-teenage mothers.

Introduction: Spontaneous clearance of warts has been reported with the development of cell mediated immunity. Various antigens and vaccines have been used for the non specific stimulation of cell mediated immunity and purified protein derivative (PPD) is one of them.Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intralesional PPD injection for the clearance of cutaneous warts.Methodology: This is an open labeled study and non-probability sampling method was used for enrolling the cases. Patients with cutaneous warts were injected with PPD intralesionally (2.5 TU) at an interval of 2 weeks for a total of five sessions and they were followed for 6 months after they received the last session therapy.Results: A total of 52 patients,29 males and 23 females, were enrolled in the study and among them 28 patients had verruca vulgaris,12 patients had verruca plantaris, 9 patients had periungual wart and 3 patients had verruca plana. Total clearance of warts was seen in 78.8%(41) of patients, however 21.2% (11) patient did not respond to the therapy. Most of the patients tolerated the therapy well and few of them had mild side effects like erythema, pain and oedema at the site of injection.Conclusion: Immunotherapy with intralesional injection of PPD is a safe and effective way to treat cutaneous warts with good response rate.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6: 463-467.

Introduction: A frequent association between metabolic syndrome with chronic idiopathic urticaria has been suggested by many studies but thorough investigations about the influence of obesity and overweight on chronic spontaneous urticaria has not been done.  Objectives: To find out the association of obesity with chronic idiopathic urticaria.  Methodology: Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were assessed for the body weight, height, body mass index, age of disease onset and duration of the disease.  Results: A total of 151 patients were enrolled in the study and among them 64 % were females as compared to 26 % males. The age of the patients included ranged from 17 years to 77 years. Among the patients included in study, 69 % of the patients suffering from CIU were found to be overweight and obese. The body mass index of the patient included ranged from 16.7 to 34.2 with mean of 24.3+/-4.3.  Conclusion: There is a relatively high incidence of urticaria among the people who are obese and overweight.

The physics of the transient behavior of liquid drops impacting hot or cold surfaces are of significance in many different applications such as spray cooling, aircraft icing, etc. Further, the transient heating and cooling of vapor spots and liquid patches is of significance in determining the heat transfer performance parameters in phase change processes such as boiling and condensation. The thermal transients in all these processes are primarily dictated by the passive thermal properties of the solid substrate (e.g. thermal conductivity, specific heat) and by the flow conditions. An active control (or manipulation) of these thermal transients could provide a means to enhance the performance parameters in various phase change-based heat transfer processes. In this study, we experimentally explore the effect of a solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) coating on the thermal characteristics of a liquid drop impacting a hot surface. High-speed optical and infrared imaging techniques are employed for visualizing the flow and measuring the temperatures, respectively. The PCM, depending on its melting temperature and due to its latent heat of fusion, disrupts the normal process of the heating of the drop and cooling of the substrate. The insights obtained from these findings can have a significant impact on several technologies in the areas of phase change-based heat transfer and thermal management.

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) on the topic “Influence of Row Ratio on Assessment of Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Mustard (Brassica nigra) Intercropping System”. to study treatments consisting with row Proportions with wheat and mustard intercropping. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 8.0), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). There were 8 treatments each being replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The findings discovered  that treatment 1 (Sole wheat cropping) recorded significant andmaximum number of effective tillers/m2 (634.01), number of grains/spike (52.80), seed yield (4.02 t/ha), straw yield (6.73 t/ha) and Harvest index (37.39%) of wheat and treatment 2 (Sole mustard cropping) recorded significant and maximum number of siliqua/plant (210.47), number of seeds/siliqua (22.90), test weight (3.66 g), seed yield (1.27 t/ha), straw yield (2.65 t/ha) and Harvest index (32.33%) in mustard.However, Inter-cropping with wheat-mustard (4:1) rows recorded significant and higher Land Equivalent Ratio (1.11), Wheat equivalent yield (5,046 kg/ha).