One of the most significant aspects of the history of modern international relations has been the expansion of the European international society into the non-European world during the nineteenth century that led to the emergence of a universal international society of sovereign states. 1 The expansion was not only imbued with a strong sense of the superiority of European culture, but it was also, by and large, a violent process of conquest and suppression of indigenous peoples. 2 It is in this historical context that an extensive set of diplomatic, legal, and administrative practices of effective government was developed by Europeans to evaluate and differentiate various political entities and

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