Merit order adalah metode paling sederhana dalam economic dispatch yang dilakukan dengan mengurutkan pembangkit dari yang paling rendah sampai yang paling tinggi biaya operasinya. Pembangkit yang paling rendah biaya operasinya (Rp/MWh) dianggap sebagai pembangkit yang paling ekonomis. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perhitungan daya pada pembangkit dengan menggunakan metode merit order. Ada tiga pembangkit yang digunakan untu menyuplai beban sebesar 975 MW. Simulasi digunakan dengan memperhitungkan losses. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa merit order membantu dispatcher untuk mengambil keputusan lebih cepat. SOP merit order dibuat berdasarkan biaya operasi pembangkit sehingga harus selalu disesuaikan dengan harga bahan bakar terkini.

Digital television technology has more benefit than analog television, for example several TV channel may included in one frequency channel. The changing from analog to digital televisions system require more innovative antenna parameter such as working frequency, bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, and gain. In other hand, the size of the antenna must be minimalized, so it can be integrated inside digital television. This research used metamaterial element of Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSSR) method with negative permittivity that manufactured in the patch and Double Pole Ground Plane in the ground side. The antenna ad 478-694 operating frequency. Antenna design and simulation using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio 2012. The result show that return-loss value < -10 dB, and VSWR = 2 at 478-625 MHz range of frequency. Te value of gain is 3.27 dBi, it has 147 MHz bandwidth, and omnidirectional radiation pattern.

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This study discusses the use of perturb and observation algorithm in the application of maximum power point tracking. The algorithm is simulated and tested hardware in two shading conditions. The results show the similarity result of hardware testing and simulation.

In  planning  the  installation  of  solar  panels  at  a  location,  it  is  necessary  to  have  solar irradiance data at that location.  Solar  irradiance  data  is  obtained  through  direct measurements using a solar irradiance meter. Solar irradiance measuring  instruments  usually  use  one  of  three  types  of sensors,  including  thermopile  (pyranometer),  solar  cells,  or photodiodes.  Each  has  advantages  and  disadvantages.  The advantages of solar cell sensors are that they have a faster response to sunlight, are more in line with the production of energy produced by solar panels and have a more economical price compared to other sensors. Solar irradiance is directly proportional to the short-circuit current of the solar cell. The aim of this research is to design an Arduino Uno-based device to measure the insolation and irradiance of sunlight, equipped with a data logger to support data analysis. The solar power meter is designed using a solar cell reference with a short circuit current of 455 mA. The microcontroller board used is Arduino UNO ATmega328 while the current sensor used is WCS2801 with a sensitivity of 2mA/mV. Irradiation, current  and  insolation  data  are  recorded  and  stored  every minute using a datalogger to SD card with a capacity of 16 GB. the  average  of  %  error  when  testing  the  comparison  of readings with photodiode-based solar power meter is 1.747%. The highest point of sun insolation is 5.56.kWh/m2 during three-day period of data logging and it is achieved when solar cell is positioned horizontally on the terrace.