A study was carried out to evaluate the ecology and diversity of the zooplankton of the Ganga River at Arrah from Bihar, India from January 2018 to December 2019. Varied physical and chemical parameters supporting the zooplankton and corresponding biodiversity indices were studied. The water temperature showed inverse correlation with pH, dissolved oxygen, whereas direct relationship with total alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and sulfate. A total of 23 genera of zooplankton belonging to 6 genera of Rotifera, 5 of Protozoa, 5 of Cladocera, 4 of Copepoda and 3 of Ostracoda were identified with a density from 2 to 213 ind./L. The analysis showed that density of zooplankton declined in post-monsoon and remained maximum in summer because of the various environmental and inflow characteristics of the water body. The density of zooplankton showed direct correlation with total alkalinity, hardness and chloride of water but inverse correlation with water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. Shannon-Weiner index, Margalef richness index, Pielou’s evenness index, Menhninick’s index and Simpson index were won’t to assess relation of water quality with zooplankton and limnological profile of the river. The diversity indices indicated moderate to high diversity of zooplankton and moderately polluted conditions of the river.

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The present work was carried out to apply overall index of pollution and water quality index to assess status of Rani Pond, Aurangabad, Bihar, India which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand chloride, fluoride and nitrate were analyzed using standard procedures. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for drinking purpose suggested by BIS (2012). The result shows the higher concentration of electrical conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids and fluoride beyond the permissible limit. Ten parameters were selected to derive the overall index of pollution and water quality index for the estimation of water potential. The range of 2.70-3.50 of overall index of pollution and 165.83- 224.58 of water quality index indicating that the water of Rani Pond is not fit for drinking including both human and animals. The implementation of overall index of pollution and water quality index is necessary for proper management of the Rani Pond and it will be a very helpful tool for the public and decision makers to evaluate the water quality of the Rani Pond for sustainable management.

Covid-19 is a pandemic that has swept the globe since the end of 2019. Scientists are working around the clock to create a vaccine to combat the Coronavirus. People are now monitored using smart-phone and web-based software. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to items that have sensors embedded in them. To check the spread of Covid-19, the IoT can be used. Social Distancing breaks the chain of spreading. It has an effect not only on healthcare spending but also on the speed at which infected patients recover. IoT can be used efficiently for maintaining social distance. As a result, the current research aims to define, analyze and highlight the inclusive applications of the IoT philosophy by providing a perspective roadmap to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by maintaining social distancing. Reviewing the literature, a real-time detecting and alerting method for the COVID-19 condition monitoring is proposed.

Tricyclazole, a systemic fungicide is recommended to treat of diseases in irrigated rice. Channa punctatus (Bloch) is a freshwater fish also found in paddy fields. This maiden study was designed to evaluate acute toxicity of tricyclazole and its responses of certain biomarker enzymes in Channa punctatus. By regression analysis method, 24, 48, 72 and 96hr-LC50 dose of tricyclazole was calculated 54.30, 36.76, 32.63 and 25.06 mg l-1 respectively. The range of LC50 dose indicates highly toxic nature of tricyclaozole. Fish were then exposed to 0.25 and 1.25 mg l-1 sublethal dose of tricyclazole for short term (24, 48 and 96 hours) and long term (15, 30 and 45 days) exposure and the alterations of enzyme activities were determined. Alkaline phosphatase activities exposed to 0.25 mg l-1 were increased insignificantly (p>0.05) after 24 hours but increased significantly (p less than 0.05) to 0.25 and 1.25 mg l-1 tricyclazole at all other treatments. Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in response to tricyclazole during both exposures. These findings may be used in the assessment of the potential risk of tricyclazole on food chain and aquatic ecosystems.