Biogenic amines are low molecular weight organic nitrogen compounds. They are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones during normal metabolic processes in living cells and therefore are ubiquitous in animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans. In food and beverages, they are formed by the enzymes of raw materials or are generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids. The structure of a biogenic amine can be aromatic and heterocyclic amines (histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, and serotonin); aliphatic di-, tri-, and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, and agmatine); and aliphatic volatile amines (ethylamine, methylamine, isopentylamine, and ethanolamine). Many of them possess a strong pharmacologic effect, and others are important as precursors of hormones and components of coenzymes. The biogenic amine intoxication leads to toxicological risks and health hazards that trigger psychoactive, vasoactive, and hypertensive effects resulting from consumption of high amounts of biogenic amines in foods. The toxicological effects of biogenic amines increase when the mono-and diaminoxidase enzymes are deficient or drugs that inhibit these enzymes (pain reliever, stress, and depression drugs) are used. In this chapter, biosynthesis of biogenic amines, their toxic effects as well as their physiological functions, and their effect on health will be described.

ÖzetTümörlerin biyolojilerinin anlaşılması, korunma ve tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada farelerde 3-metilkolantrenle (3-MC) indüklenen fibrosarkoma üzerinde sisteaminin koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Deneyde yaklaşık 20±2.0 g ağırlığında beyaz erkek fareler (Mus musculus albino) kullanıldı. Fareler her grupta 15 adet olacak şekilde beş gruba ayrıldı, standart diyet ve su ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. Birinci gruptaki hayvanlara hiçbir ilaç uygulaması yapılmadı. İkinci gruptaki farelere susam yağı (0.2 ml, deri altı), üçüncü gruba sisteamin (%0.1 suda oral), dördüncü gruptaki farelere 3-metilkolantren çözeltisi (1 mg/0.2 ml susam yağı) 0.2 ml hacimde deri altı yolla enjekte edildi. Beşinci gruba 3-metilkolantren çözeltisi (1 mg/0.2 ml susam yağı) 0.2 ml deri altı ve %0.1 oranında suda çözdürülmüş sisteamin oral yolla ad libitum olarak verildi. Hayvanlar 4 ay süreyle takip edildi. Süre sonunda servical dislokasyonla ötanazi edilen farelerin otopsileri yapıldı. Organlardaki morfolojik değişiklikler ve alınan doku örneklerindeki tümöral oluşumlar histopatolojik yöntemlerle araştırıldı. Araştırma sonucunda sisteaminin farelerde 3-metilkolantrenle indüklenen fibrosarkoma karşı koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi. Anahtar sözcükler: Fibrosarkoma, 3-Metilkolantren, Sisteamin Effects of Cysteamine on 3-Methylcholanthrene -Induced Fibrosarcoma in Mice SummaryUnderstanding the biology, developing methods for prevention and treatment of tumors is of great importance. The present study was investigated protective effects of the cysteamine on 3-methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice. In the experiment, white male mice (Mus musculus albino) were used approximately 20±2.0 g in weight. Divided into five groups, per group of 15 mice and were fed ad libitum with a standard diet and water. No drug was performed in the first group of animals. Sesame oil (0.2 ml volume) for the second group of mice were injected subcutaneously. The third group was given in drinking water 0.1% solution of cysteamine (ad libitum). 3-methylcholantrene solution (1 mg/0.2ml sesame oil) were injected for the fourth group of mice subcutaneously with 0.2 ml volume. The five group was performed 0.2 ml volume of 3-methylcholantrene solution (1 mg/0.2 ml sesame oil) subcutaneously and 0.1% dissolved in water was ad libitum disintegrating orally. Animals were observed for 4 months. The mice that euthanasiaded cervical dislocation were autopsied at the end. Morphological changes in organs and tissue samples taken from tumor formation was investigated with histopathological methods. In conclusion ıt is suggested that cysteamine has a protective effect on 3-methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice.

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ÖzetBu çalışmada farelerde 3-metilkolantren (3-MC) ile indüklenen fibrosarkoma üzerine sisteamin, putresin ve sisteamin-putresin kombinasyonunun etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada Mus musculus albino ırkı, 2-3 aylık ve 20±2.0 g ağırlığında olan toplam 135 adet erkek fare kullanıldı. Fareler her grupta 15 adet olacak şekilde 9 gruba ayrıldı. Fareler standart diyet ve su ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. Birinci grup negatif kontrol grubu olarak tutuldu. İkinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml susam yağı, üçüncü gruba deri altı yolla 3-MC enjekte edildi. Dördüncü gruba içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin, beşinci gruba %0.1 oranında putresin, altıncı gruba %0.1 oranında sisteamin ve %0.1 oranında putresin karışımı ad libitum olarak verildi. Yedinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 ml susam yağı) ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin, sekizinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında putresin, dokuzuncu gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin + %0.1 oranında putresin karışımı ad libitum olarak verildi. Bir yılın sonunda ferelerin dokuları morfolojik ve histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Araştırma sonucunda 3-MC ile indüklenen fibrosarkomaya karşı çoktan aza doğru putresin, sisteamin+putresin ve sisteaminin koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi. Anahtar sözcükler: Fibrosarkoma, 3-Metilkolantren, Sisteamin, Putresin Effects of Cysteamine, Putrescine and Cysteamine-Putrescine Combination on 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Fibrosarcoma in Mice SummaryIn this study the effects of cysteamine, putrescine and the combination of cysteamine and putrescine were investigated in mice with 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induced on fibrosarcoma. A total of 135 adult male Mouse (Mus musculus) albino, 2-3 months old and weighting 20±2.0 g was used in this study. Mice in each group were divided 15 consisting of 9 individual. The first group was kept as a negative control group. The second group received subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml sesame oil, and the third group was given subcutaneously 3-MC (1 mg/0.2 ml sesame oil). The 4th, 5th and 6th groups recived 0.1% cysteamine, 0.1% putrescine and 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine mix with drinking water ad libitum respectively. The 7 th , 8 th and 9 th groups were injected with 0.2 ml of 3-MC solution. After 1 month 0.1% cysteamine, 0.1% putrescine and 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine combinations were administrated in drinking water to 7 th , 8 th and 9 th groups respectively. After 1 year of all experiments mice tissues were evaluated morphologic and histopathologically. As a result were respectively demonstrated protective effect of putrescine, cysteamine+putrescine and cysteamin against 3-MC induced fibrosarcoma.

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