No abstract

Income smoothing is basically a management strategy to reduce fluctuating income levels. This study aims to determine the effect of company size, leverage and profitability on income smoothing in companies listed on the LQ45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. It was carried out on companies listed on the LQ45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. Sampling was conducted by utilizing purposive sampling and obtained 11 companies, from which 33 data were collected. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that company size, leverage and profitability simultaneously can affect income smoothing of a company. Company size and profitability partially have a positive effect on income smoothing, while leverage has a negative effect on income smoothing.

This research discusses level of wealth and level of central dependence on local governments in West Java Province within the fiscal year of 2018 and 2019. Performance was measured using the Sustainable Development Goals indicator. The population of the research was all local governments in West Java Province. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling method or census. The sample in this research were 27 district/city governments in West Java Province. Based on the results of SPSS statistical analysis with multiple linear regression, it can be concluded that the level of local wealth and the level of central dependence have a significant effect on the performance of local governments.

The purpose of this study is to investigate internal auditor competency gap by comparing the perceptions between students, academics, and practitioner. Questionnaires were sent to 1009 respondents who meet the criteria using google form. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part, we ask respondents’ perception related with hard skill needed by internal auditor, the second part discussed soft skill required to prepare agile and adaptive internal auditor. This study found two main gaps between three groups of respondents. First, there are competency gap related to technology and emerging risk. Internal auditor must update with agile audit methodologies and data analytics. The universities must enrich the internal audit course with current audit method and data analytic skills. Second, all respondents put emphasis on soft skill more than hard skill, therefore important soft skill for auditor should embedded in curricula. Academics and practitioners agree that hard skill competencies specially related with performance standards as mentioned on international standards is important knowledge that should possessed by internal auditor to performed internal audit role comprehensively.

The Amil Zakat Institution is required to have efficient and effective performance, especially during the Covid-19 health crisis. This study aims to measure the performance of amil zakat institutions in Indonesia, Singapore, and England based on the efficiency level with the Data Envelopment Analysis approach and the level of effectiveness with the Allocation to Collection Ratio approach. The efficiency level of amil institutions was measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis method, the non-parametric statistical approach used in calculating the relativity of efficiency. The software used to measure Data Envelopment Analysis is DEAP 2.1. The results of efficiency measurements based on the Data Envelopment Analysis showed that Dompet Dhuafa, Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore (MUIS), and the National Zakat Foundation (NZF) achieved optimal and efficient performance during the Covid-19 pandemic (in 2020), but experienced inefficiency before the Covid-19 pandemic in 2017 (Dompet Dhuafa), 2018 (Dompet Dhuafa & NZF), and 2019 (MUIS). If assessed based on effectiveness in channeling funds using the Allocation to Collection Ratio, Dompet Dhuafa, Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore, and the National Zakat Foundation achieved effective values ​​both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.