A study on the preparation of Congo red textile dyes using nanocatalysts, Fe3O4@TiO2 material, and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) has been successfully carried out. The preparation of these dyes is intended as a controller of the shape and size of particles and as a superior adhesive in solution. Fe3O4@TiO2 core-shell (FTP) nanocomposite was carried out by coprecipitation method. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were designed as cores that were synthesized from Cilacap iron sand, while TiO2 nanoparticles were selected as a shell through the synthesis of Titanium (III) chloride. Fe3O4@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposite is characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible Spectroscopic (UV-Vis). Through XRD data analysis, the crystalline nano-phase composite of Fe3O4@TiO2 core-shell did not experience significant changes with the addition of Fe3O4 concentration. The contribution of the addition of Fe3O4 concentration can be observed in changes in sample grain size. The higher the concentration of Fe3O4 is, the smaller the grain size of the samples produced, ranging between 6-9 nm and can increase the percentage of degradation of Congo red dyes. In addition, optimum degradation in UV-Vis characterization occurred in FTP 0.5 samples that reached 78.20% at minute 100. The photodegradation effect that occurs in Congo red dyes is caused by photocatalytic mechanisms.

This study aimed to see how the effectiveness of charismatic leadership when viewed from the perspective of a subordinate that examined from previous research articles. In this study, researcher also used a qualitative approach with the type of research is study of literature. The data collection technique is done by collecting both primary and secondary literature which is analyzed and presented. The results obtained indicate that in a subordinate's perception of charismatic leadership can be influenced by physical and psychological aspects. The physical aspect shows that leadership can be perceived as charismatic when viewed from gender and age. While the psychological aspect shows leadership can be perceived as charismatic if it is able to create a sense of trust, satisfaction, and feelings of empowerment from subordinates.

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to find out the relationship of the variable managerial skills of the principal, and the organizational climate to the spirit of teacher work in Senior High School in Mojokerto. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The result of this study is that teachers have a high spirit of work. Then the principal at senior high school in Mojokerto has good managerial skills. Furthermore, Senior High School in Mojokerto has an excellent organizational climate. There is a link between the principal's managerial skills and the organization's climate to the teacher's work spirit.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari variabel keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah, dan iklim organisasi terhadap semangat kerja guru di SMA Negeri Se-Kabupaten dan Kota Mojokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah guru di SMA Negeri Se-Kabupaten Mojokerto dan Kota memiliki semangat kerja yang tinggi. Kemudian kepala sekolah di SMA Negeri Se-Kabupaten dan Kota Mojokerto memiliki kemampuan keterampilan manajerial sekolah yang baik. Selanjutnya, SMA Negeri Se-Kabupaten Mojokerto memiliki iklim organisasi yang sangat baik. Terdapat hubungan antara keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dan iklim organisasi terhadap semangat kerja guru.

Vocabulary is the language resource, students have to know vocabularies to produce sentences. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out whether snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery or not. The subject analyzed in this research were the tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah I. The experimental group was X-IPS-I while the control group was X-IPS-II.This study employed quantitative research design. This design was selected due to this present study was required a concrete evidence whether Snake and Ladder Board Game could enhance students’ vocabulary mastery in senior high school or not. In this study the instruments used were pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The pre-test was given to both experimental and control group. After the pre-test was given to both groups, then the experimental group was treated or taught by using snake and ladder board game, while the control group was not treated by using snake and ladder board game. After that, the post-test was also given to both experimental and control group. The researcher used t-test to know the significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control group. The process of t-test was counted using computer SPSS 17 version.The result of this study was shown that snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery due to the score of pre-test in control group was higher than the pre-test score of experimental group. Otherwise, the post-test score of experimental group was higher than the control group. Accordingly, related to the result of this experimental research, the researcher concludes that snake and ladder board game can improve students’ vocabulary mastery in the first year students of senior high school.