Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic
resistant microbes and the loss of natural flora in aquaculture systems
ultimately necessitating the ban of many of the chemotherapeutants in
aquaculture. Actinobacteria play a profound role in the biogeochemical
cycling in the marine environment and they represent the principal
source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial property. In the
present study, 98 marine derived actinomycete isolates were screened for
antimicrobial activity against the common aquatic pathogens. A potent
actinomycete isolate S26, identified as Streptomyces variabilis based on
16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for further study. Optimization of the
fermentation medium for secondary metabolite production was carried out
by response surface methodology (RSM) using DESIGN EXPERT. The ANOVA of
the quadratic regression model demonstrated that the model was highly
significant for the response concerned i.e., antimicrobial activity as
evident from the Fisher’s F- test with a very low probability value
[(P model>F) = 0.0001]. Of the 10 different solutions
suggested by the software, the most suitable composition was found to be
starch, 1.38 %; soy powder, 0.88 %; ammonium sulphate, 0.16 % and
salinity, 27.76 ‰. S. variabilis S26 cultured in the optimized
production medium was applied in the Penaeus monodon larval rearing
system and the total Vibrio count and survival rate were estimated. S.
variabilis S26 treatment showed a significant reduction in Vibrios and
better survival in the Penaeus monodon culture system compared to the
control.
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