The primary abnormality is an intrinsic obstruction of the upper airway. Normal lung development involves a continuous efflux of fluid from the fetal lungs. Laryngeal atresia/CHAOS stops the efflux of this fluid, and this retained fluid distends the alveoli with fluid giving the lungs voluminous echogenic appearance and inverting the diaphragm. Isolated airway obstruction without hydrops has a relatively favorable prognosis. CHAOS with associated anomalies and with early presentation of hydrops is an ominous sign with a high rate of fetal demise and a poor survival rate even with the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure.

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Objective: To delineate the effect of self-gained information through internet on glycemic control and overall QoL in type 1 diabetes patient. Methodology: 35 type 1 diabetes patients, who had reasonably good glycemic control were classified by a single clinician into net- savvy and ordinary based on their behaviour towards use of internet to gather information regarding health queries and their glycemic control and QoL analysed.WHO-5 questionnaire which is used in clinical practise was applied. Result: Of net savvy group (n=18), 14 (82%) had WHO-5 score greater than 13 while among ordinary (n=17) only 7 had WHO5 of same range. Thus, those who surfed internet were in general likely to have better QoL. Among net savvy group all had individual smart phones and used google as search engine. Among ordinary, 40% (9/17) had smart phones. The mean HbA1c of net savvy group was 7.2 which was lower than that of ordinary group mean HbA1c of 7.6. Those of net savvy group were more likely to agree to increase in number of s.c. insulin injections (12/18) as compared to ordinary group (4/17). The self-reported hypoglycemia episodes were also more in net savvy group (6/ person-week) as compared to ordinary (2/ person- week). Conclusion: Use of smart search engines like google (with strong in-built Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems), even if unsupervised, should be encouraged as part of DSME in type 1 Diabetes patients for optimizing glycemic control and detecting hypoglycemic episodes.

The differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesion (SOL)s of adrenal gland is broad and ranges from benign to malignant. The diagnosis is important as management and prognosis differ widely. Increased use of imaging has led to common phenomena of adrenal incidentalomas confronting endocrinologists and radiologists alike. Adrenal gland is the only organ in pandora’s box- abdomen - atrophy of which can have myriad clinical features and life-threatening implications. The adrenal imaging has come a long way from ancillary of biochemical diagnosis to mandatory in adrenal investigation protocol. This review attempts to summarize current status, future trend and pitfalls of adrenal imaging in endocrinology.

ntroduction: Evaluation for CHD lead to inadvertent radiation exposure to children. With objective of minimising radiation exposure, we developed a size based (SB) novel low kVp low dose CT protocol for pediatrics population. All CT chest examinationsMaterial and methods: performed on PHILIPS Ingenuity core 64-slice multi detector CT machine. A total of sixty children with suspected/diagnosed CHD were randomized to either novel SB protocol or machine's default AEC based low dose pediatric chest CT protocol . Our protocol consisted of keeping tube voltage 80 kVp in all patients and tube current (mA) being modulated according to size of subjects (chest circumference). All CT dose parameters (ED, CTDI vol, DLP and mA) were recorded for comparison. Image quality of the two methods compared by two radiologists blinded to the method. After analysing and comparing with other studies for all the CT dose variables we concluded that all CT radiation exposureResults: values as measured by ED, CTDI vol, SSDE, DLP were lower in SB protocol as comparison to default AEC based protocol in those corresponding to <12 months age group. In 1-5 year- ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was equivalent in both size based and AEC based low dose protocols. In 6-18 year ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was slightly higher in size based low dose protocol. In younger age group ( <12 months of age) SBConclusion: protocol should be preferred as compared to default machine protocol. In children with >1 years of age , low dose AEC protocol is better from perspective of radiation exposure.