Pinus merkusiihas been used for reforestation in Indonesia since a long time. Its wood is utilized as raw material for pulp and paper industries. This species also produces gum oleoresin, which is better than others and contains a high quality of turpentine oil (Sudiono, :i 983). • Almost all provinces in Java Island have pine forests. Pine forest in East Java province is about 64,630 ha, coveringJombang, Lawu DS, Kediri, Blitar, Pasuruan, Probolinggo,Jember, Bondowoso, and Banyuwangi. Whereas, pine forest in Central Java is around 108,000 ha, distributed in 20 forest districts. The area of pine forest in West Java and Banten provinces is about 63,000 ha. Pi1111s merkusii produces gum oleoresin, which is used as a raw material for rosin and turpentine production for international and national markets. Through distillation process, gum oleoresin is converted into rosin and turpentine. Rosin is a complex mixture that mostly contains resin acids and a little amount of neutral fraction. Rosin mostly contains abietic type (abietic, levopimaric, pallustric, neoabietic, dehydroabietic and tetra abietic acids) and pimaric type (pimaric and isopimaric acids), besides neutral components.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract