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The brain is the central organ of stress adaptation, and is also a target of stress. Chronic stress may result in abnormalchanges in brain plasticity; include dendritic retraction, neuronal toxicity, and suppression of neurogenesis andaxospinous synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stress exposure will gradually change the electrical characteristic, morphologyand proliferative capacity of neurons. Among brain region, the cerebellum is known to be severely affected by oxidativedamage associated with glucocorticoids level. It is believed due to the highest levels of glucocorticoid receptorslocalized in the external granular layer. BDNF, a member of neurotrophin family, is known to be a strong survivalpromoting factor, and plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal protection, and the regulationof synaptic function in the central nervous system. BDNF is highly expressed in the cerebellum, mainly in granulecells. Both acute and chronic stress change BDNF expression in the brain. Although the impact of stress on BDNFlevels showed the different results, BDNF is believed to protect neurons from injuries caused by stress.

The Sandhur perfomance refl ectsthe change of the agrarian societies to the urban culture. ABSTRAKPertunjukan Sandhur merefl eksikan perubahan masyarakat agraris menuju budaya urban. Dalam Teks pertunjukan Sandhur terdapat kode hermeneutik, kode proairetik/tindakan naratif dasar, kode semantik, kode kultural, dan kode simbolik. Teks pertunjukan dapat dimaknai sebagai tanda dan simbol meresapnya budaya urban dalam kehidupan masyarakat Tuban. Hubungan manusia, Tuhan, alam, dan kebudayaan melekat pada struktur pertunjukan Sandhur. Kehidupan manusia menjadi bagian dari siklus kosmis yang utuh.Untuk membaca, mendeskripsikan pertunjukan Sandhur digunakan pendekatan kualitatif, peneliti menjadi instrumen utama. Untuk memotret fenomena alamiah pertunjukan mengacu pada model etnografi . Untuk memahami teks pertunjukan Sandhur peneliti mempertajam analisis interpretatif terhadap socially meaningfull action digunakan pendekatan semiotik.Struktur pertunjukan, medium pertunjukan, serta ekspresi pelaku pertunjukan Sandhur dapat diamati melalui refl eksi simbolis yang melekat pada pola penandaan. Gejala simbolik yang terurai secara sistematik dalam dinamika pertunjukan mengungkapkan substansi perubahan budaya desa yang disebabkan oleh proses urbanisasi. Perubahan tatanan hidup sesuai dengan kodrat alamiah dan hukum perubahan ruang dan waktu.

<p>BACKGROUND<br />Stress is one of the factors that cause apoptosis in neuronal cells. Centella<br />asiatica has a neuroprotective effect that can inhibit apoptosis. This study<br />aimed to examine the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on B-cell<br />lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats.</p><p>METHODS<br />An experimental study was conducted on 34 brain tissue samples from male<br />Sprague Dawley rats exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 days. The<br />samples were taken from following groups: non-stress group K, negative<br />control group P1 (stress + arabic gum powder), P2 (stress + C.asiatica at<br />150 mg/kgBW), P3 (stress + C.asiatica at 300 mg/kg BW), P4 (stress +<br />C.asiatica at 600 mg/kg body weight) and positive control group P5 (stress<br />+ fluoxetine at 10 mg/kgBW). The samples were made into sections that<br />were stained immunohistochemically using Bcl-2 antibody to determine the<br />percentage of cells expressing Bcl-2. Data were analyzed using one way<br />ANOVA test followed by a post - hoc test.</p><p>RESULTS<br />There were significant differences in mean Bcl-2 expression between the<br />groups receiving Centella asiatica compared with the non-stress group and<br />stress-only group (negative control group) (p&lt;0.05). The results were<br />comparable to those of the fluoxetine treatment group.</p><p>CONCLUSION</p><p>The Centella asiatica ethanol extract was able to increase Bcl-2 expression<br />in the prefrontal cortex of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to restraint stress.<br />This study suggests that Centella asiatica may be useful in the treatment of<br />cerebral stress.</p>