Leafy vegetables are used in various cuisines worldwide; however, as they cannot be peeled and their leaf surface area is large, the risk of retaining pesticide residues on these vegetables is relatively higher than on others. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study to reveal the effect of removing pesticide residues from five artificially contaminated leafy vegetables (lettuce, perilla leaves, spinach, crown daisy, and ssamchoo (Brassica lee ssp. namai)) using different removal methods. The percent reduction range for each method was 43.7–77.0%, and the reduction range for the five leafy vegetables was 40.6–67.4%. Lettuce had the highest reduction (67.4 ± 7.3%), whereas ssamchoo had the lowest reduction (40.6 ± 12.9%). Spinach and crown daisy showed no significant difference in their reductions. Based on reduction by method, running water (77.0 ± 18.0%) and boiling (59.5 ± 31.2%) led to the highest reduction, whereas detergent (43.7 ± 14.5%) led to the lowest reduction. The reductions of chlorfenapyr, diniconazole, indoxacarb, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, and lufenuron in the leafy vegetables were lower with blanching and boiling than with other methods (p < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of thoroughly washing leafy vegetables to lower the intake of pesticide residues before cooking.

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After the millennium, the digitalization of society as a whole proceeded rapidly due to the fast change to a digital society, one of the major changes in correctional administration is the development of online civil service in response to the demands of the times. It can be said that Online Visitation is activated along with the high needs of deposit and Internet correspondence. In correctional administration, an visitation is an important correctional element that can bring positive effects to improve the treatment of prisoners and the correctional effect. However, although the demand for online visitation is increasing explosively due to the expansion of digital devices and the increase in needs, the system, manpower and space of the correctional facility are still showing various problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the remodeling methodology for improving the function of the online visitation room in current correctional facilities in Korea and to suggest alternatives for the practical remodeling method. The need for horizontal extension and the case for it should be integrated with this spatial structure in consideration when constructiong new buildings in the future. In the case of an existing correctional facility, there is a need to improve the spatial structure as an example of horizontal extension.