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Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome causes irregular menstrual cycles, excessive body or facial hair and polycystic ovaries. Prevalence ranges from 2.2% to 26% globally, as it is not defined precisely. This is a community based study in the reproductive age women (15-45years) to correctly assess prevalence of PCOS and health effects in women with PCOS. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study done in 624 Reproductive age women (15-45 years) in a rural area. Data collected by interview method, clinical examination of which 182 women (with signs suggestive of PCOS) got biochemical and ultrasound to establish diagnosis of PCOS and health effects were studied. Data analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Prevalence of PCOS was 72(11.5%). Infertility followed by psychosocial problems was the most common health effects. Conclusion:Although infertility was seen in 73.6% of women with PCOS, only 18% received treatment in the past, due to under diagnosis and lack of accessibility.

Introduction: Sepsis causes, extensive physiological and biochemical abnormalities. Literature shows that infections cause reasonable alterations in lipid metabolism and in the composition of lipoproteins. In these situations, there is an increase in the levels of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol and decrease in levels of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Patients with sepsis, having hypocholesterolaemia indicates disease severity when other causes of this condition are to be ruled out. Hence this study was done to understand the role of serum lipids in patients with sepsis. Material and methods: A prospective study was done in 60 adults patients admitted with sepsis (According to the Third International consensus Denitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (Sepsis – 3), in medical wards and medical ICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital during December 2021 to April 2022 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance and consent from patients. All patients who gave informed consent were enrolled consecutively till the sample size was reached. Patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination and biochemical investigations were done and data was recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using SPSS -20, Data represented in frequency tables. Correlation between parameters assessed and APACHE II and SOFA score was done using pearsons correlation coefcient with P<0.05 considered as statistically signicant. Mean age of the study population was 40.22±11.831. Results: Majority of the study patients were males (71.7%). Respiratory tract infection (33/55%) was the major source of infection. Diabetes mellitus was the most common type of comorbidity (27/ 45%). HDL cholesterol was negatively correlated with both sepsis prognostic severity scores (APACHE II and SOFA score) which were highly signicant statistically. Pearsons correlation coefcient shows that total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol is poorly correlated with sepsis severity and triglycerides though negatively correlated the association is weak. Sepsis Conclusions: patients, shows alterations in lipid metabolism. Higher values of SOFA and APACHE II scores were associated with low HDL levels. Lipoproteins may function as potential biomarkers (especially high-density lipoprotein) in systemic inammatory response syndrome and sepsis

Introduction: Unilateral spinal anaesthesia has advantages over bilateral spinal anaesthesia as it provides a stronger block on the side of surgery and accelerated recovery of the nerve block. There is lower incidence of hypotension and better maintenance of cardiovascular stability and can be a used for high risk patients. Hence this study was done to compare the unilateral versus bilateral spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5 % + clonidine in inguinal hernia surgeries with reference to perioperative autonomic, sensory, motor stability, post operative analgesia and minimize hospital stay. Methodology:Aprospective study was done in 100 patients posted for inguinal hernia surgeries in a tertiary care hospital. After approval from the ethical committee of the institute, Pre anaesthetic checkup was done one day prior to the surgery. Patients were evaluated for any systemic diseases and laboratory investigation recorded. The procedure of SAB was explained to the patients and written consent was obtained. Patients were kept in lateral position (on the side of surgery) for 10min for group U & made supine immediately on the OTtable for group B, with 10 degree head down tilt of the table. Chi-square test and t test was used for statistical analysis. Signicance level was set at 0.05. Result Mean age, mean height, mean weight, ASAphysical status classication, Comorbidities and preoperative vitals was comparable in both the groups. Proportion of patients with fall in vitals was signicantly more in group B compared to group U. Conclusions: Unilateral spinal anaesthesia group had lower incidence of hemodynamic changes with respect to bradycardia and hypotension and lower requirement of Mephentermine and Atropine. So adopting a unilateral spinal block producing minimal hemodynamic uctuations would prove benecial.

Introduction: Uncontrolled diabetes leads to increased risk of complications. Inammation is believed to have a role to greater extent, in the pathogenesis of complications of type 2 DM. Also Inammation (as predicted by inammatory markers) and chronic hyperglycaemia (as predicted by Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) ) jointly contribute to the cardiovascular risk of patients. Hence this study was done to correlate markers of inammation which can be estimated readily (like hsCRP, serum ferritin and ESR) with glycaemic control (HbA1C) and understand the relationship between them. Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study was done in 70 adult patients with diabetes mellitus during December 2021 to September 2022 after taking informed consent from patient. Patients on medication which reduce CRP levels were excluded. Patients with heart failure, acute febrile illness, renal, hepatic & malignant disorders, chronic illnesses, asymptomatic infections and smokers were also excluded from the study. Patients were selected by purposive sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record patients data, and ndings of examination and investigation. Based on HbA1C patients were grouped as good control (HbA1C <6.5%) and poor control (HbA1C ≥ 6.5%) and comparison was done. Data entered in Microsoft excel 2013 and analysed using SPSS version 22 package. Pearsons correlation coefcient, T test and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be signicant statistically. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 51±23.1 years with male to female ratio being 48:32. HbA1C was ≥ 6.5% (poor control) in 50 patients and <6.5% in 20 patients which shows that diabetic control was good in only 20 patients. Mean ESR, serum ferritin and hsCRP was signicantly more in patients with poor diabetic control. Pearson's correlation of HbA1C versus ESR (R = 0.654, P <0.001), serum ferritin (R= 0.22, P value = 0.006) and hsCRP (R=0.685, P<0.001) of all the study participants was highly signicant. Conclusions: Inammatory markers like ESR, hsCRP and serum ferritin are positively correlated with high HbA1C levels or poor diabetic control. Other factors associated with poor diabetic control includes, increasing age and BMI