The COVID-19 pandemic is a big challenge for education worldwide because education has to be done virtually to stop the spread of the COVID-19. The problem is that there are students who live in areas far from cities, while learning in an interconnected world should be done virtually. Diverse geographical conditions in Indonesia consisting of mountains, lowlands, highlands, and valleys and some areas that are far away from cities make students difficult to connect to the internet and thus, virtual teaching is challenging. These areas are often referred to as remote areas. So far, the Indonesian government's approach to dealing with learning difficulties in remote areas is vague. This research aims to construct a theoretical learning framework that can be used to facilitate distance learning in remote areas in Indonesia. This research proposes a developmental theory of alternative learning in remote areas through the integrative literature review. In this research, the theoretical framework evolved out of the review of existing research on community radio, blended learning, transformative education, and critical pedagogy. This research yields a theoretical framework regarding the community radio-based blended learning model that contributes as a promising alternative learning solution in remote areas. It is inferred that this learning model would be a promising learning model in remote areas during unpredictable situations such as in the pandemic era.

In today's world conditions, everything can change very quickly. Change management is a series of systematic and complex processes that must be carried out by an organization to survive. Changes in the organization must be able to be managed properly to achieve the goals desired by the organization. Besides that, the organization as a complex unit also consists of various cultures. In this case, one of the right steps, so that management of organizational change can be managed properly, is by determining change leaders with transformational leadership models. Through review journals, a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and the management of change within the organization will be presented.

The purpose of this paper is to provide references related to the teacher's pedagogic competency development model. Pedagogic competence is fundamental in education. This is because pedagogic competence is one of the important factors in teaching. Pedagogic competence relates to how a teacher can provide teaching that is not monotonous, fun, creative and meaningful and uses various kinds of media. However, based on several research results, there are still many teachers who have pedagogic competence in the low category. There are still many teachers today who are still teaching using the teacher center method and not the student center, for example, such as the lecture method. On the one hand, the current era can also be said to be an era destructive. This is because technological developments can also threaten existing human resources or teachers. The ability of teachers and teacher quality can be replaced by existing technology. Thus, as a teacher who will face the current era, the need to continue to develop his pedagogical competence. as for the model in developing pedagogic competencies such as field practice activities monitored by supervision, Community-based teacher, mentoring, job-embedded, Online lesson, and so on. Thus, it is expected that with this development the teacher's pedagogical competence can develop optimally so that the quality of education indirectly increases.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the self-strength counseling model in developing student academic expectations. The study was conducted using a single-subject experimental design to measure the relationship between 2 variables, namely self-strength counseling and academic expectations. The type of design used is the A-B-A design, where there are three experimental phases, namely phase A is the baseline phase and phase B is the intervention phase. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive statistical techniques because the study has a single case (single subject). The number of subjects in this study was limited, namely only five students. The results showed that self-strength counseling was effective in increasing student academic expectations after the intervention process. The study results can be used to reference counselors in higher education to improve student academic expectations through the self-strength counseling model.

Hope is a construct that has been revealed and investigated in the process across space and time. Hope as an important aspect in the development and lives of individuals known to correlate with various factors, but have not revealed many factors related to culture, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to reveal the expectations on students of Guidance and Counseling Study Programme FKIP UAD Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia. The study was conducted on 123 students of VII semester consisting of 45 men and 78 women. The average age of study participants was 20-22 years old. The instrument used is the Hope Scale, shaped semantic differential scale that is composed of a large selection of 1-8 (1 = very inappropriate, and 8 = very appropriate). Descriptive statistical data analysis used in this study. Results of the study showed no significant difference in the expectations of students are female than male. In the dimension measurement known student agency in Guidance and Counseling Study Programme higher than pathways dimension. Hope Sundanese cultural background of students is the highest and the lowest was followed Javanese students who have a background in Malay culture. While the expectations of the most frequently encountered are related to career, parents and self-oriented (individualism).