Problem Statement: The concept of multiculturalism was in general perceived in terms of ethnic background or difference in race and so brought forth negative viewpoints and apprehensions with regard to the issue. It is undoubtedly of great importance to provide comprehensive educational systems in which individuals in multicultural societies can live together in peace. Therefore the attempt to determine the perceptions of the teachers towards multiculturalism is essential as they are responsible for the organization of class learning environments. Likewise it is important to analyze the degree to which educational programs actually carry or incorporate these multicultural principles with view to ensuring an education that will include all students and ensure they are raised in a way that embraces peace Nevertheless the number of studies conducted in Turkey on this topic to date remains very small.

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the curricula that constitute the basis of education provision at high schools in Turkey from the perspective of the teachers involved. A descriptive survey model, a quantitative research method was employed in this study. An item-based curriculum evaluation model was employed as part of the evaluation process. The data for the study were obtained from the 199 participant teachers via an "evaluation questionnaire of the high school curriculum. This questionnaire was designed after careful consideration of the key elements of the curriculum. The evaluations submitted by teachers with regard to the items contained within the survey were carefully interpreted. This followed the clear identification of the percentages, frequencies and averages involved. According to the findings obtained from the study, the opinions of teachers concerning the components of the High School Teaching Program when taken as a whole were found to be at an average level. As concerns all elements of the program, teachers were found to most closely agree with those statements within the "(I) partly disagree"category. Results indicated a higher percentage of responses that corresponded with the "definitely disagree" or "disagree" categories than for the "definitely agree" or "agree" categories.

<p>Education is the key to raising generations that are modern, democratic, productive, diligent, understanding, perceptive, critical and inquisitive. Teacher education is more important today than it has been in half a century. Thus, teachers are so significant to education and scholars argue that teacher quality is the most important within-school factor affecting student performance because great teachers help create great students. In fact, research shows that an inspiring and informed teacher is the most important school-related factor influencing student achievement, so it is critical to pay close attention to how we train and support both new and experienced educators (Edutopia, 2008). The Republic of Turkey has made great efforts to train teachers and meet the demand for teachers. Pedagogical teacher training is a part of this effort. This study will help determine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the Pedagogical teacher training they receive, and in this regard the purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool that can be utilized in future studies. The study showed that “The Attitude Scale towards Pedagogical Teacher Training (PFETO)” is a valid and reliable tool. PFETO is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards Pedagogical Teacher Training.</p>

Özet: Bu çalışmada, ontolojik ve epistemolojik boyutlarıyla yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın felsefi kökeni irdelenmiştir.Yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın temel mantık ve ilkeleri doğrultusunda felsefe tarihinde dile getirilen benzer duygu ve düşüncelere yer verilmiştir. Bilgi, nesnel gerçeklik, algı, öğrenmenin nasıl meydana geldiği, öğrenmede zihnin işlevi, sosyal çevre, öğrenme süreci, dil ve kültür açısında ileri sürülen görüşler ele alınarak tartışılmıştır. Davranışçılık, modernizm, pozitivizm anlayışlarına karşı duruş gösteren ve yapılandırmacı anlayışa benzer düşünceler ele alan felsefi düşünceler değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırma literatüre dayalı bir derleme çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Birincil kaynaklar ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanarak veriler elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ön kaynak taraması ve daha sonra detaylı kaynak taramasıyla belirlenen konu başlıklarına uygun farklı araçlardan literatür taramasına gidilmiştir. Araştırmada tarihi süreç içinde farklı düşünce biçimleriyle yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın dile getirildiği belirlenmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the opinions of teachers with regard to the approaches of parental involment in school. A case study design was used in this study conducted that is employed in studies of a qualitative nature. In the "case" under research, there was an attempt to determine the opinions of teachers regarding the opinions of parents; within this process student portfolios, homework assignments aimed at assessing student performance and reports and minutes of parent-teacher meetings were examined in order to assess how and to what degree the perceptions of parents had an effect (on the teacher-parent relationship). For purposes of determining the study group, importance was attached to the principle of volunteerism participation, and the study group consisted of 6 teachers employed at a state school located within the district of Beylikdüzü in Istanbul during the 2015-2016 academic year. A demographic information form, semi-structured interviews and minutes of teacher-parent meetings were employed as data-collection tools. The data obtained were evaluated using a data content analysis technique. It was observed that during the analysis process of the findings obtained from both the interviews and the document analysis that teachers expressed their views concerning their relationships with parents as being negative on the whole and that the attitudes of parents were not sufficiently developed with regard to the issue of conducting a conducive parent-teacher dialogue of high quality.