This study provides a morphological characterization of the inner anatomy of the root canals of permanent first and second molars in Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age human fossils using cone-beam computed tomography. The general evolutionary trend in present-day human dentition is related to morphological simplification. As little is known about when this trend appeared in Homo sapiens populations, the aim of this work is to test the presence of modern radicular morphology 4,400 years ago. Fifty-four permanent first and second maxillary and mandibular molars of 17 individuals were included in the study. All maxillary first and second molars showed three separate roots. Almost all the lower molars analyzed (100% of first molars and 75% of second molars) had two separate roots. More differences in the canal system configuration were documented in the maxillary mesiobuccal roots than in the palatal or distobuccal roots. The most variable tooth in root and canal configuration is the maxillary second molar. It should be pointed out that 12.5% of the teeth analyzed showed a C-shaped root configuration.
Este artículo presenta un análisis holístico de los restos dentales pertenecientes a tres individuos infantiles del yacimiento de la Edad del Bronce de la Cueva de Valdavara (Becerréa, Lugo), mediante diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas, como es el microdesgaste dental, el estudio anatómico externo e interno, y el análisis de patologías. El objetivo de este estudio es obtener una visión más completa de los factores bioculturales (salud oral, dieta, procesamiento del alimento…) que afectaron a la vida de estos individuos. Los resultados muestran una buena salud oral en los tres individuos, siendo destacable la presencia de agenesia dental en el individuo III identificada mediante el análisis con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT). Finalmente, los patrones del microdesgaste dental en la superficie bucal revelan una alta abrasividad de los alimentos consumidos, posiblemente por un escaso procesamiento previo de los mismos. LABURPENA Artikulu honek Valdavara leizeko (Becerréa, Lugo) Brontze Aroko aztarnategiko hiru haurren hortz hondakinen azterketa holistikoa dakar. Hurbilketa metodologiko bat baino gehiago erabili ditugu azterketa egiteko; hala nola hortzen mikrohigadura, kanpoko eta barneko azterketa anatomikoa eta patologien analisia. Azterlan honen helburua banako haien bizitzei eragin zien faktore biokulturalen (ahoko osasuna, dieta, elikagaien prozesatzea...) ikuspegi osoagoa eskuratzea da. Emaitzek erakusten dute hiru banakoek ahoko osasun ona zutela eta aipagarria da III. banakoan hortzetako agenesia azaldu izana. Sorta konikoko ordenagailu bidezko tomografiaren (CBCT) bidez identifikatu zen agenesia hori. Azkenik, ahoko hortzen mikrohigaduraren patroiek erakusten du kontsumitzen zituzten elikagaiak oso urratzaileak zirela, agian, aurrez gutxi prozesatzen zituztelako.
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