1] In the central part of the Lake Chad Basin, Africa, the superficial Quaternary aquifer (500,000 km 2 ) forms the main water resource. Little is known about the aquifer recharge processes. Large piezometric depressions affect the aquifer and are still unexplained. Meteosat thermal composite data were used to infer qualitative information about time-space variations of soil moisture. Over the aquifer, Meteosat data reveal that after heavy rainfall, the piezometric depressions (Kadzell, Chari-Baguirmi) appear cooler than the surrounding areas (Manga and Harr). The interpretation is that above the depressions, rainwater accumulates at the surface and does not infiltrate deep into the ground, leading to the observed cooler ground. Accordingly, the depressions are characterized by low rainwater infiltrability, which presumably results in a small rainfall recharge. As far as we know, this is the first time that an observed surface phenomenon is directly related to the origin of some piezometric depressions.
RÉSUMÉ
Le suivi qualificatif de l'hivernage 1991 en Afrique de l'ouest soudano-sahélienne est effectué à partir de catalogues d'images (dix-huit décades consécutives d'avril à septembre). Ces catalogues représentent deux paramètres dérivés de l'imagerie infrarouge Météosat : la fréquence des occurrences de nuages à sommet froid et la température radiative maximum de surface du sol.
L'appréciation de la pluviométrie est réalisée à travers une lecture combinée des deux types d'images et d'une comparaison avec les images moyennes de la période 1986-1990. Il est ainsi possible de déterminer, à l'échelle régionale, quelques paramètres clés du déroulement de la saison des pluies (date de début et de fin, durée des séquences intermédiaires sèches, intensité relative des précipitations...).
Une bonne connaissance des calendriers agricoles est ensuite nécessaire pour autoriser la délimitation des zones dans lesquelles des problèmes vivriers sont à prévoir, victimes d'une arrivée des pluies trop tardive, de précipitations trop irrégulièrement espacées, ou d'une installation trop précoce de la saison sèche.
The Climatic Watch Programme aims to create climatological data files to allow climatic surveillance and to assist in agrometeorology. This is to be achieved by the combined utilisation of satellite meteorologie imagery and ground data. Parameters currently available, are the plotting of the Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), ocean surface and land temperatures and the frequency of convective clouds (clouds with a cold top). Other important parameters related to radioactive flows and the climatology of clouds are being studied. Major research has already been conducted into estimating rainfall by satellite, enabling an evaluation of the hydric condition of the soil surface.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.