Dans cet article, nous étudions l’effet de l’ACCRE (aide aux chômeurs créant ou reprenant une entreprise) sur la survie d’entreprises nouvellement créées. Pour cela, nous apparions l’enquête SINE à des données d’entreprises, ce qui nous permet d’avoir les caractéristiques des créateurs d’entreprises et quelques informations financières sur l’entreprise. Nous suivons une cohorte d’entreprises créées au cours du premier semestre de l’année 1998 pendant huit ans. À l’aide d’une méthode d’appariement, nous montrons que (i) les entreprises qui ont bénéficié de l’ACCRE survivent plus que celles qui n’en ont pas bénéficié ; (ii) le résultat reste valide lorsque nous prenons en compte le capital et les sources de financement de départ (prêts bancaires, ressources personnelles, etc.).
This paper deals with the impact of social contributions and tax cuts (which are considered as operating subsidies) on new firms' probability of survival and economic performance. We use a rich matched database of French firms that were newly created in 1998 and that include entrepreneurs' individual characteristics and firm economic and financial variables. We implement propensity score matching models and show that (i) subsidized firms are more likely to survive after the first two years; (ii) bank loans increase the probability of survival, be they subsidized or not; and (iii) operating subsidies allow firms to increase their turnover. However, no significant effects of these subsidies on other performance criteria are found.
Migration of highly-qualified specialists between Central Europe and the European Union : analysis and outlook.
This article is conceived within the framework of an eventual integration of Central Europe within the European Union. In this context, it looks at the factors governing the migration of highly-skilled personnel.
The essential elements of neo-classical theory on international trade and migration of factors of production are analysed, together with consideration of the work involved. In contrast to these models of equilibrium, the author cites models of « structural disequilibrium », in which the emigration of « brains » takes place without any compensating factor, and which are therefore clearly disadvantageous to the countries of origin of the « brains » involved. Finally, and still from the theoretical point of view, the rôle of the Multi-National Firms (MNF) in the working of the international labour market in highly-skilled personnel is clarified.
These elements of theoretical consideration are subsequently applied to the migratory movements of highly-skilled labour between Central Europe and the European Union. The author considers the economic and institutional conditions for the implementation of balanced scenarios on the one hand, and scenarios of structural disequilibrium on the other. The role, and the behaviour of the MNF within each of these scenarios is also explained. In conclusion, the author underlines the need for creating a macroeconomic and institutional environment as a prerequisite for integration between the two geographical zones.
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