The influence of carrageenan addition on the gelatinization of salt-based surimi gels was investigated by measuring compressive properties and Hunter color scale values. Hydrocolloid kappa (κ)-carrageenan at 0%, 0.2%, and 1.0% and NaCl (2% w/w), KCl (1.5% w/w), and a mixture of NaCl (2% w/w) and KCl (1.5% w/w), were added to Alaska pollock surimi. Gel compressive properties were assessed by measuring the breaking force and gel strength. The gelling property of κ-carrageenan-induced surimi gel was significantly increased by the incorporation of KCl rather than NaCl. The addition of κ-carrageenan increased the breaking force and gel strength of surimi gels. Gels with 1% κ-carrageenan and KCl had the highest breaking force and gel strength. The addition of κ-carrageenan caused an increase in the whiteness values of the surimi gels.

: We investigated antioxidant activity and lignan contents by harvesting times to expand use of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of seed was higher than those of flesh but there is not much difference in harvesting times. As RC 50 value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, was 13.7~24.2 ㎍/㎖ in seed thus it showed a high antioxidant activity. Among lignan components, schizandrin content was the highest and followed by gomisin N and gomisin A in all of flesh and seed. Also these components in seed were 4~9 times more contained than those of flesh. All of them were decreased by harvesting times in flesh. But the contents of schizandrin and gomisin N were high in August 3rd and September 15th in seed, respectively. As the results, the seed of S. chinensis had high antioxidant activity and lignan contents so it could be potentially developed as a resource.

: The average and maximum temperature were 29.5℃ and 33.2℃ at 2:00 p.m. respectively, in the plastic-film house covered with shade net, and both of temperature were lower 0.6℃ and 1.3℃ than those of conventional shade. Light transmittance was 14% in the plastic-film house, while 9.9% in conventional shade during growing season from May to October. Withering time of aboveground part was on October 3rd in conventional shade with 60% of withering leaf, while it was on November 10th with 3.7% of withering leaf in the plastic-film house, about 40 days longer survival. The main disease incidence were 15% of anthracnose, 17% of leaf spot, 5% of phytophthora blight and 3% of gray mold in the conventional shade, while 0~0.1% disease incidence and 95% of emergence rate in the plastic-film house. The growth in the aboveground and underground part of ginseng was totally better, particularly characteristics affecting yield such as root length, main root length and diameter in the plastic-film house . The fresh weight was increased by 128% compared to the conventional shade and harvested roots per 3.3 ㎡ were 36 roots in the conventional shade and 58 roots in the plastic-film house and futhermore yield per 3.3 ㎡ was increased by 216% compared to the conventional shade. As covering materials, the rice straw in the plastic-film house was excellent. The ginsenoside contents affecting the quality of ginseng were higher in the plastic-film house indicating 0.333% of Rg1, 0.672% of Rb1, 0.730% of Rc and rate of red rusty root was less than 4.0~6.1%. Above the results, the quality of ginseng grown in the plastic-film house covered with shade net was improved than that of the conventional shade.

: This experiment was carried out to establish the optimum cutting time, plant growth regulator, and bed-soil for rooting by greenwood cutting of Schisandra chinensis. Approximately 7 ㎝ long-shoots of greenwood cuttings were transplanted by various cutting times, plant growth regulators, and bed-soils in the plastic-film house. The rooting rate of greenwood cutting was 12.5% in the April 5th, 73.5% in the May 8th, and 75.5% in the August 5th. The number and length of primary root in greenwood cutting were more in the early May than those in the early August. For mass propagation of Schisandra chinensis. using greenwood cutting, shoots were treated with plant growth regulators on May to increase rooting rate. Rooting rate was 100% with IAA 50 ㎎/ℓ , 92.9% with NAA 100 ㎎/ℓ , and NAA 1,000 ㎎/ℓ , for 60 min. To select effective media for rooting, various medias for bed-soil were treated by single and mixture form for 100 days after cutting. Rooting rate was 91.8% in the single treatment of peat moss or decomposition of granite soil, and this result was better than those in other treatment. The treatment by 1 : 1 mixture of peat moss and horticulture bed soil was rooting with 94.0% best rooting rate.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) with organic acids (OA) on growth performance, fecal score, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs.Methods: A total of 120 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire x Landrace]) x Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of 8.00 ± 0.87 kg were assigned in five treatments considering sex and initial BW in 3 replications with 8 pigs per pen in randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% MCT and 0.1% OA. The pigs were fed the diets for 5 weeks (phase 1: 0-2 weeks, phase 2: 3-5 weeks). A total of 15 barrows with an average BW of 12.48 ± 0.37 kg were used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility by total collection method. The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples and small intestine samples were collected at the end of each phase.Results: Supplementing 0.1% MCT with 0.1% OA showed greater BW for week 5 and ADG for overall period than control diet. Supplementing 0.1% MCT increased (p<0.05) ADG and improved (p<0.05) G:F ratio for phase 1. Dietary MCT and OA did not affect the fecal score and blood concentration of cortisol, IgG, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in weaning pigs. Pigs fed the diets with 0.1% MCT had greater (p<0.05) villus height of duodenum and ileum for phase 1. Also, pigs fed the diet with 0.1% OA showed greater (p<0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum for phase 2. There was no significant difference in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of pigs. A c c e p t e d A r t i c l eConclusion: Addition of 0.1% MCT with 0.1% OA in weaning pig's diet improved growth performance partly by enhancing intestinal morphology in weaning pigs.