PurposeExercise enhances memory function by increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and circadian rhythms modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The circadian rhythm-dependent effects of treadmill exercise on memory function in relation with neurogenesis were investigated using mice.MethodsThe step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, the 8-arm maze test was used to test spatial learning ability, and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine immunofluorescence was used to assess neurogenesis. Western blotting was also performed to assess levels of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, early growth response protein 1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and growth-associated protein 43. The mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 1 group started exercising 1 hour after sunrise, the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 6 group started exercising 6 hours after sunrise, and the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 13 group started exercising 1 hour after sunset. The mice in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes once a day for 7 weeks.ResultsTreadmill exercise improved short-term memory and spatial learning ability, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These effects of treadmill exercise were stronger in mice that exercised during the day or in the evening than in mice that exercised at dawn.ConclusionsTreadmill exercise improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These results suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of treadmill exercise may depend on circadian rhythm changes.

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서 론 수술 후 오심, 구토(postoperative nausea and vomiting: PONV)는 수술 후 통증자가조절(patient-controlled analgesia: PCA)을 받는 환자의 40-75%에서 발생되며, 1-3) 유발요인으 로 수술의 종류에 따라 복강경수술, 4) 담낭수술, 5) 중이수술, 6) 유방수술, 7) 갑상선 절제수술 8) 등에서 발생이 높으며, 마취 와 연관된 요소로는 수술 중 desflurane, isoflurane, 9) enflurane, N2O, sufentanil, fentanyl, 10) glycopyrrolate, neostigmine 사용 11) 등이 있고, 환자에 따른 요인으로는 여자환 자, 12) 평소 멀미증상이 있던 환자, 수술 후 통증이 있는 환 자 10) 등이 있으며, 월경주기와도 연관이 있다.

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