The risk factors for each recurrence pattern and timing of gastric cancer can be predicted by the clinicopathological features of the primary tumour. Since the results of treatment remain dismal, studies of perioperative adjuvant therapy in an attempt to reduce recurrence are warranted.

We report efficient tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) by using bathocuproine:Cs2CO3∕MoO3 as an effective interconnecting layer. We utilized two primary colors of sky blue and orange fluorescent emitters to obtain efficient white electroluminescence. Although single WOLEDs using two adjacent emitting layers showed a maximum current efficiency of 7.96cd∕A with Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.28, 0.34), the tandem WOLED device made by stacking two single color OLEDs in series demonstrated doubled maximum current efficiency of 17.14cd∕A with CIE coordinates of (0.28, 0.41). The stacking of different single color OLEDs in series instead of double stacking of WOLEDs can be useful to achieve highly efficient WOLEDs because it can reduce the number of layers of the devices.

Although significant progress has been made in the development of vacuum‐deposited small‐molecule organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), one of the most desired research goals is still to produce flexible displays by low‐cost solution processing. The development of solution‐processed OLEDs based on small molecules could potentially be a good approach but no intensive studies on this topic have been conducted so far. To fabricate high‐performance devices based on solution‐processed small molecules, the underlying nature of the produced films and devices must be elucidated. Here, the distinctive characteristics of solution‐processed small‐molecule films and devices compared to their vacuum‐deposited counterparts are reported. Solution‐processed blue OLEDs show a very high luminous efficiency (of about 8.9 cd A–1) despite their simplified structure. A better hole‐blocking and electron‐transporting layer is essential for achieving high‐efficiency solution‐processed devices because the solution‐processed emitting layer gives the devices a better hole‐transporting capability and more electron traps than the vacuum‐deposited layer. It is found that the lower density of the solution‐processed films (compared to the vacuum‐deposited films) can be a major cause for the short lifetimes observed for the corresponding devices.

These results suggest that perioperative transfusion is an unfavorable prognostic factor. It is thus better to refrain from unnecessary blood transfusion and to give the least amount of blood to patients with gastric cancer when transfusion is inevitable, especially for those with stage III and IV gastric cancers.

Summary Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is accompanied by various extraintestinal manifestations including systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability, which may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease. Aim To investigate whether IBD is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or death Methods The International Classification of Disease, 10th edition codes and the claim codes for rare diseases were used to identify candidates from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of South Korea. Patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) between 2006 and 2009 were age‐matched 1:3 with NHIS enrolees without IBD. The primary outcomes included newly developed MI, stroke and death. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression models. Results We identified 10 708 patients diagnosed with CD and 26 769 with UC. MI risk was higher in CD patients than in controls (incidence ratio (IR) 1.64 per 1000 person‐years, HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.47‐2.21), and this trend was more prominent among patients aged <40 years (IR 0.69 per 1000 person‐years, HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.96‐4.47) and among female patients (IR 2.35 per 1000 person‐years, HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.61‐2.94). In contrast, only female patients with UC had an increased risk of MI (IR 2.01 per 1000 person‐years, HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.56). Conclusions The risk of MI risk is higher in patients with CD than in the general population, and this trend is stronger in female patients and those aged <40 years.