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A novel visible-light-driven nano-Bi 2 MoO 6 /calcined mussel shell (CMS) photocatalyst composite was designed and synthesised by a facile hydrothermal method and characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation. The results indicated that 5% nano-Bi 2 MoO 6 /CMS photocatalysts composite exhibited the highest activity, and its RhB degradation efficiency reached 98.7% within 60 min, which was 1.2 times higher than that of the pure Bi 2 MoO 6 photocatalyst. This work demonstrated that CMS powder could be utilised to fabricate Bi 2 MoO 6 /CMS photocatalyst nanocomposites for water-treatment applications and this study could provide a solution to the abandoned mussel shell resources from waste and environmental pollution.