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Ambient occlusion (abbr. AO) plays an important role in realistic rendering applications because AO produces more realistic ambient lighting, which is achieved by calculating the brightness of certain screen parts based on objects' geometry. However, the baseline computation of AO algorithm is time-consuming, which limits its application for real-time rendering. Currently, most AO algorithms are based on screen space to reduce the computational consumption, which leads to unrealistic results due to the usage of artificial features. To overcome these challenges, in this paper, we first create a well-crafted dataset with the pair of deferred shading buffer data and ground-truth AO shaded images. Then, we design an efficient deep neural network for the screen space AO image generation, based on which we further design a Compute Shader Library to compute the shaded AO images. Our extensive experimental results show that our method achieves competent performance than existing screen space ambient or volumetric ambient based AO methods both in visual quality and efficiency. INDEX TERMS Ambient occlusion, rendering, shading, deep neural network.

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The synergistic effect of crevice corrosion and galvanic coupling on the degradation of 304 stainless steel fasteners exposed to a chloride environment was investigated using electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. Results obtained revealed that the crevice region of the fastener showed lower corrosion resistance due to decreased surface passivation induced by the crevice geometry and low oxygen conditions, while the exposed region with a higher oxygen supply exhibited improved corrosion resistance. Coupling of the exposed and crevice regions of the fastener demonstrated accelerated corrosion attributable to galvanic effect. The driving force for the galvanic effect on the fastener was linked to three (3) key factors: (I) the potential difference established between the different regions on the fastener surface due to uneven oxygen distribution, (II) the difference in the solution environment, and (III) the difference in surface properties (active-passive surface). Morphological studies showed localised corrosion occurring mainly in the crevice.