The second messenger c-di-GMP is implicated in regulation of various aspects of the lifestyles and virulence of Gram-negative bacteria. Cyclic di-GMP is formed by diguanylate cyclases with a GGDEF domain and degraded by phosphodiesterases with either an EAL or HD-GYP domain. Proteins with tandem GGDEF-EAL domains occur in many bacteria, where they may be involved in c-di-GMP turnover or act as enzymatically-inactive c-di-GMP effectors. Here, we report a systematic study of the regulatory action of the eleven GGDEF-EAL proteins in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, an important rice pathogen causing bacterial leaf streak. Mutational analysis revealed that XOC_2335 and XOC_2393 positively regulate bacterial swimming motility, while XOC_2102, XOC_2393 and XOC_4190 negatively control sliding motility. The ΔXOC_2335/XOC_2393 mutant that had a higher intracellular c-di-GMP level than the wild type and the ΔXOC_4190 mutant exhibited reduced virulence to rice after pressure inoculation. In vitro purified XOC_4190 and XOC_2102 have little or no diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase activity, which is consistent with unaltered c-di-GMP concentration in ΔXOC_4190. Nevertheless, both proteins can bind to c-di-GMP with high affinity, indicating a potential role as c-di-GMP effectors. Overall our findings advance understanding of c-di-GMP signaling and its links to virulence in an important rice pathogen.

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Abstract.Objective: To observe and analyze the clinical efficacy of using five bodies pass notes to treat knee degenerative joint disease. Methods; The study is from March 2015 to March 2016 in our hospital for treatment of knee degenerative joint disease patients, 80 cases were randomly divided into odd and even method in the control group (n = 40 patients) and observation group (n = 40 patients). By using through-line method transfer five body massage and acupuncture and Chinese Herbs plus extubation law giving patients in the observation group, the use of oral ibuprofen and glucosamine sulfate treatment administered to the control group. Comparative efficacy of two methods of treatment and pre-treatment and post-treatment after the first course and second course of joint function score. Results; after the first and second courses, excellent rate of patient observation crude rate than the control group, the difference was significant, statistically significant, p <0.05. After treatment, the two groups of patients HSS scores were increased, the difference was statistically significant, p <0.05; observation group after treatment score after the first course of treatment and the second treatment scores were higher, the difference was statistically significant, p <0.05. Conclusion; knee degenerative joint disease through using the five-body transfer method of treatment, the effect is significant.