BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) isa lethal type of primary brain tumor with a median survival less than 15 months.Despiting the recent improvements of comprehensive strategies,the outcomes for GBM patients remain dismal.Accumulating evidence indicates that rapid acquired chemoresistance is the major cause ofGBM recurrence thus leads to worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chemoresistant GBM is crucial for long-term cures. MethodsTranscriptomic profiles of glioblastoma were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) and TCGA database. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed and candidate gene PLK2 was selected for subsequent validation. Clinical samples and corresponding data were collected from our center and measured using immunohistochemistry analysis. Lentiviral transduction and in vivo xenograft transplantation were used to validate the bioinformatic findings. GSEA analyses were conducted to identify potential signaling pathways related to PLK2 expression and further confirmed by in vitro mechanistic assays. ResultsIn this study, we identified PLK2 as an extremely suppressed kinase-encoding gene in GBM samples, particularly in therapy resistant GBM. Additionally, reduced PLK2 expression implied poor prognosis and TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Functionally, up-regulated PLK2 attenuated cell proliferation, immigration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of GBM cells. Besides, exogenous overexpression of PLK2 reduced acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that PLK2 was negatively correlated with Notch signaling pathway in GBM. Mechanically, loss of PLK2 activated Notch pathway through negative transcriptional regulation of HES1 and degradation of Notch1.ConclusionLoss of PLK2 enhances aggressive biological behavior of GBM through activation of Notch signaling, indicating that PLK2 could be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant GBM.

Abstract Background Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are grade II/III gliomas based on the WHO classification with significant genetic heterogeneity and clinical properties. Traditional histological classification of gliomas has been challenged by the improvement of molecular stratification, however, the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of LGGs classification remain poor. Methods In this study, we derived all relevant data of LGGs including TCGA and CGGA databases from official websites. Bioinformatic analyses unveiled the clinical significance of FABP5 and its potential downstream targets. IHC, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were further conducted to validate those bioinformatic findings. Moreover, lentiviral transduction assays were performed to evaluate the function of FABP5 in patient-derived cell lines. Results We identified fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as one of the most enriched genes in malignant LGGs and elevated FABP5 revealed severe outcomes in LGGs. Functionally, lentiviral suppression of FABP5 reduced malignant characters including proliferation, cloning formation, migration, invasion and TMZ resistance, contrarily, the malignancies of LGGs were enhanced by exogenous overexpression of FABP5. Mechanistically, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was correlated to FABP5 expression in LGGs and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-dependent NF-κB signaling was involved in this process. Furthermore, FABP5 induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α (IKKα) thus activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. Conclusion Taken together, our study indicated that FABP5 enhances malignancies of LGGs through canonical activation of NF-κB signaling, which could be used as individualized prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target of LGGs.

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal type of primary brain tumor with a median survival less than 15 months. Despite the recent improvements of comprehensive strategies, the outcomes for GBM patients remain dismal. Accumulating evidence indicates that rapid acquired chemoresistance is the major cause of GBM recurrence thus leads to worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chemoresistant GBM is crucial for long-term cures. MethodsTranscriptomic profiles of glioblastoma were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) and TCGA database. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed and candidate gene PLK2 was selected for subsequent validation. Clinical samples and corresponding data were collected from our center and measured using immunohistochemistry analysis. Lentiviral transduction and in vivo xenograft transplantation were used to validate the bioinformatic findings. GSEA analyses were conducted to identify potential signaling pathways related to PLK2 expression and further confirmed by in vitro mechanistic assays. ResultsIn this study, we identified PLK2 as an extremely suppressed kinase-encoding gene in GBM samples, particularly in therapy resistant GBM. Additionally, reduced PLK2 expression implied poor prognosis and TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Functionally, up-regulated PLK2 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of GBM cells. Besides, exogenous overexpression of PLK2 reduced acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that PLK2 was negatively correlated with Notch signaling pathway in GBM. Mechanically, loss of PLK2 activated Notch pathway through negative transcriptional regulation of HES1 and degradation of Notch1.ConclusionLoss of PLK2 enhances aggressive biological behavior of GBM through activation of Notch signaling, indicating that PLK2 could be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant GBM.