The relative risk of renal carcinoid tumor developing in a horseshoe kidney is markedly greater than that for Wilms tumor or transitional cell carcinoma. The clinical course of renal carcinoid tumor arising within a horseshoe kidney appears to be more benign than that of the nonhorseshoe variant. Our observations support the hypothesis that renal carcinoid tumors may arise from neuroendocrine cells within foci of metaplastic or teratomatous epithelium within the kidney.

The relative risk of renal carcinoid tumor developing in a horseshoe kidney is markedly greater than that for Wilms tumor or transitional cell carcinoma. The clinical course of renal carcinoid tumor arising within a horseshoe kidney appears to be more benign than that of the nonhorseshoe variant. Our observations support the hypothesis that renal carcinoid tumors may arise from neuroendocrine cells within foci of metaplastic or teratomatous epithelium within the kidney.

Streptococcus bovis is an uncommon cause of meningitis and subdural empyema. We report one case each of meningitis and subdural empyema in which S. bovis biotype II was isolated from both the spinal fluid and blood. In one case, the organisms were seen on a gram-stained preparation of cerebrospinal fluid. The first patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown etiology, was immunosuppressed, and recovered. The second patient presented with syncope, developed a subdural empyema, and died; at autopsy, a colonic adenoma was found. A review of the English-language literature revealed only 14 previously reported cases of meningitis due to S. bovis and no cases of subdural empyema due to S. bovis. These cases indicate the importance of complete laboratory identification of specific organisms and confirm the need for a thorough neurological examination and search for underlying gastrointestinal disease in cases of S. bovis infection.

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Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is uncommon. Tuberculosis and cancer manifesting in the same kidney is even more unusual. To our knowledge we report the first case of tuberculosis and transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the same kidney.