Patients with glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy without evident intraocular pressure elevation compared to patients with pOWG more frequently report activities or diseases causing intrathoracic/-abdominal pressure elevation in their medical history. This may suggest an additional pathomechanism in normal-tension glaucoma. Therefore patients may be adviced on these potential risk factors.

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Apart from retinal vasculitis, 43% of eyes in patients with Adamantiadis-Behçet's disease presented a delayed choroidal filling in fluorescence angiography as a sign of choroidal involvement of occlusive vasculitis. We observed leakage of fluorescein from the optic disc, which could be due to a secondary inflammation of the ciliary circulation. Inflammatory involvement predominantly of choroidal vessels, as visualized in fluorescence angiography, may be a diagnostic lead in Adamantiadis-Behçet's disease.

Even nowadays lues cerebrospinalis must be suspected in patients with bilateral papilledema without visual loss. The ophthalmologist holds an important diagnostic position, because adequate treatment is able to prevent disease progression.

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in lacrimal fluid of a patient with recurrent peripheral corneal ulcers may indicate a pathogenic role of hepatitis C virus in corneal pathology. Especially, since our patients with systemic hepatitis C virus infection but without ocular changes did not show hepatitis C virus RNA in their tears. Therefore, patients with recurrent corneal ulcers of unknown origin should be tested for systemic hepatitis C virus infection.