7S RNA sequences from the hagfish (Myxiniformes) and lamprey (Petromyzontiformes) were cloned and analyzed. In both species, 7S L RNA (also designated SRP RNA, since it represents the RNA constituent of the signal recognition particle) was clearly detectable. The sequence similarity between the two species was 86%, compared with about 75% similarity between either of these species and mammals. 7S K RNA was also cloned from the lamprey. The similarity between the 7S K RNA of the lamprey and that of mammals was 68%. Interestingly, several interspersed elements were found with nearly 100% similarity compared with mammals. In contrast to the lamprey, no 7S K RNA-related sequences were detectable among hagfish RNA, neither in northern blots nor with the PCR assay. In view of the significant conservation between the 7S K RNA of lamprey and that of mammals (human), this unexpected result clearly separates lamprey and hagfish. In addition, the lack of detectable 7S K RNA sequences in an outgroup, such as amphioxus, indicates that these results do not reflect an autapomorphy of hagfish. Therefore, our data provide additional support to the notion of a sister group relationship between Petromyzontiformes and gnathostomous vertebrates to the exclusion of Myxiniformes.

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Introduction. The performance of any job requires the expression of adequate emotions that are consistent with the roles assigned to a given position. This fact has led to an enormous interest in methods of expression and concealing emotions, especially in management, business, education and healthcare. Aim. Discussion of the influence of emotional intelligence and emotional labour on the work of a nurse. Material and methods. Literature databases were reviewed using the key words: “intelligence”, “emotional intelligence”, “emotional labour” and in combination with the word “nursing”. Discussion. Emotional intelligence is critical to the quality of patient care. Nurses make an additional psychological effort that contributes to their professionalism and effectiveness, which is referred to as “emotional labour”. Due to the way this work is performed, two its types have been distinguished: “surface acting” and “deep acting”. The effects of both types of emotional labour differ significantly in favor of deep acting. Conclusions. The relationships between nurses’ involvement in emotional labour and the quality of nursing services were found. However, little is known about how the emotional labour affects their own health, professional career or job satisfaction. Further research should be able to provide answers to these questions.

Introduction. International travel and immigration have led to a rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in European countries, mainly due to migration from Africa and the Middle East.Aim. In this article we point to an additional migration path - from Ukraine - and the threat of tuberculosis associated with this migration and we discuss our preparation for an increase in the incidence of this disease.Discussion. It is estimated that about 1.5-2.5 million Ukrainians work or live in Poland or the EU. This results from the implementation of some EU directives and Polish law regulations, which simplified an access of the Ukrainian citizens to the European labor market. Importantly, Ukraine is one of the 18 high-priority countries to fight tuberculosis in the WHO European Region and among the top 20 highest drug-resistant tuberculosis burden countries in the world. More importantly, there is no unitary tuberculosis screening program for migrants in the EU member states. For this reason, we have no reliable data on tuberculosis burden in any nationality group of immigrants in Europe, including Ukrainians.Conclusions. Nurses have always dealt with infectious diseases, they have always been and will be the last line of defense against the epidemic. Any epidemic, including tuberculosis. Perhaps, in the absence of an integrated tuberculosis policy in Europe, our only future are the experience, skills and dedication of nurses.