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The relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and her favorite, the Earl of Essex, reveals a complex of names and naming. There is a textual variant in 3Henry VI in which the shire name Essex has been omitted. From this, it appears that the omission is the result of censorship and that the unknown play performed before the Queen on the very eve of Essex's execution was 3Henry VI.

Renaissance et Réforme / 295 moderate and balanced perception of him prevailed in the Catholic Netherlands. On

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In a manuscript poem by Sir Walter Ralegh, the poet as “Ocean” makes his complaint to a cold and cruel lady, “Cynthia” (the moon). Naming serves as a counterpoint to his argument, which establishes a dialectic of despair set against hope, the poem ending in an epiphany of faith in an eventual restoration to his lady's favor. The cruel lady is Queen Elizabeth, which gives the poem an added political dimension.