Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45X/46XY and its variants) is a form of sex chromosome DSD (disorders of sex development). The clinical presentation of such patients is highly variable and mild variants may go unnoticed. Here we discuss a 13-year-old patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45X/46 XY mosaicism) who was being reared as female, presented to us with virilizing symptoms and signs. The management issues in such patients were discussed.

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is an important disease in cattle production, BRD may be associated with one or more pathogens, of which Mycobacterium bovis, Mycoplasma bovis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are three important pathogens. Fast and accurate detection methods are important for preventing and controlling BRD. This review focuses on the PCR detection methods for the above three pathogens in recent years.