Extraction of black locust hcartwood with a scrics of solvcnts, including hcxanc, cthyl acctatc, mcthanol and aqucous acctone, Icft thc normally durablc wood susccptiblc to dccay by thc brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum.Jhc combincd cxtracts of black locust wcrc ablc to impart a high Icvcl of dccay rcsistance to aspcn, a normally nondurablc wood. Scvcral singlc stagc cxtraction tcchniqucs wcrc also tcstcd with thc mcthanol extract rcmoving thc most dccay rcsistance from btack locust, and providing aspcn with thc most dccay rcsistance. Experimental Extractives content of black locustWood mcal was prcparcd by passing air dried btack locust hcartwood through a planar and collccting the shavings.Thc extractives content of the mcal was thcn dctcrmincd using each of thc solvent Holzforschung / Vol.

The success of microvascular tissue transfer in this case series compares favorably with those reported in human reconstructive microsurgery. Both the primary and assistant surgeon should be practiced in microsurgical technique. Failure of latissimus dorsi flaps was not likely caused by an inherently deficient flap design, but was more likely attributed to the location and severity of trauma at the recipient site, the difficulty in isolating suitable recipient vessels for anastomosis or the absence of a trained assistant surgeon during these procedures. Clinical Relevance-This retrospective study documents the successful application of microvascular technique in a series of clinical cases requiring tissue reconstruction.

Recently, interest has developed for using essential oils from Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) foliage and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood in commercial products such as pest repellents and cosmetics. In order to gauge the relative toxicological risk that these oils pose to freshwater and marine organisms, the acute aquatic toxicity of these oils was evaluated using OPPTS guidelines to the cladoceran Daphnia magna, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. For western juniper foliage oil, no toxicity was exhibited toward D. magna or O. mykiss, even at 5.0 mg/L (the highest concentration tested and limit of solubility). For toxicity to S. capricornutum using algal cell density, the 72 and 96 h EC50 value was 1.7 mg/L and the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 0.63 mg/L. For Port Orford cedar heartwood oil, no toxicity was exhibited toward O. mykiss or S. capricornutum, even at 5.0 mg/L (the highest concentration tested and limit of solubility). The 48-h D. magna EC50 value was 1.9 mg/L; the NOEC values for algal cell density were 1.25 mg/L (72 h) and 0.63 mg/L (96 h). In summary, this study shows that western juniper foliage and Port Orford cedar heartwood oils demonstrate little to no risk to aquatic organisms.

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