Litter decomposition in the soil is an important stage of the nutrient cycling process that interferes with functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil fertility and litter nutritional quality are fundamental factors that affect decomposition effi ciency of plant residues. We evaluated decomposition in two areas of 'cerrado sensu stricto', each with a type of Neosol -limestone (eutrophic) and sandstone (dystrophic). In a rural area located in the municipality of Ituiutaba (MG, Brazil), 10 plots were randomly selected to install litter bags with 10 g of mixture of dry leaves that were used to estimate rate and time of leaf-litter decomposition from October/2015 to January/2016. Decomposition rate in the limestone cerrado was signifi cantly higher than in the sandstone cerrado. This difference mustn't be explained by the edaphic texture between areas, since it was similar between them. But may be explained through aluminum absence and higher soil fertility in the limestone cerrado, especially phosphorus that is highly limiting in dystrophic cerrados like the sandstone cerrados, in which decay of decomposing leaflitter was directly proportional to the levels of phosphorus. Limestone presence reduces aluminum toxicity and circumvent phosphorus limitation in the cerrado, favoring decomposition. Such infl uence is probably an important feature for limestone cerrados.
Objetivo: Essa revisão sistemática da literatura tem como objetivo trazer os fatores de risco para suicídio em adolescentes e jovens adultos mais relevantes na literatura. Métodos: Foi realizado uma busca de alta sensibilidade nas principais bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, EMBASE; Cochrane; BVS. Os critérios de inclusão foram: Estudos observacionais ou Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados que relacionam a ideação suicida e o suicídio de jovens e adolescentes com potenciais fatores de risco. Resultados: Os estudos apontaram diversos fatores de risco para ideação e suicídio na população estudada, dentre eles os mais citados foram rejeição familiar, não conformidade de gênero na infância, intimidação na escola, vtimização, não conformidade por ser transgênero e "depressão, ansiedade, outros transtornos mentais". Conclusão: A população de jovens e adolescentes transgêneros possuem maiores índices de suicídio, fato que está diretamente atrelado a maior quantidade de fatores de risco, associados a alta discriminação e violência e a própria fase da vida
SANTOS, D.S. Heavy metals content evaluation in western Bahia. 2019. 124 p. Thesis (Doctorate in Agronomy)-Federal University of Uberlândia. 2 Heavy metals in agricultural areas and native Cerrado in western Bahia All and any activity has the potential to add to the environment heavy metals with the potential to cause contamination of soil, water and air damaging and often irreversible. The process of food production requires the use of inputs for the control pests and diseases and others capable of altering the chemically and physically properties of the soil to ensure high yields. However, the intensive and continued use to such inputs can add heavy metals to the soil. To ensure that activities such as the process of producing food is safe, and minimize any risk to the health of people, animals and the preservation of the environment. For that to happen, in addition to the use of inputs free of toxic elements assessments of the levels of soil must be carried out in order to verify potential risks. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the risk of contamination by heavy metals in western Bahia, determining the levels of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe in agricultural áreas and in the native Cerrado. For this purpose, 10 áreas were selected in the West of Bahia: A1= Anel da Soja, A2 = Placas; A3= Bela Vista; A4 Novo Paraná; A5 = Panambi, A6= Coaceral; A7 = Alto Horizonte; A8 = Roda Velha; A9 =Roda velha de baixo e A10 = Cascudeiro. In each área, 8 properties were selected. Soil samples were collected in each soil at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) in the following soil preparation systems: conventional tillage system (CT); no tillage (NT) and native Cerrado (NC). Aqua regia was used for extraction of the metals, and the extracts were dosed in ICP-Plasma. For the univariate procedures, we used descriptive statistics, Tukey test variance analysis, and the Student t test. The correlations between the variables were determined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient. For the multivariate procedures, the principal component analyzes (PCA) were used.The results showed that the áreas A5 (Panambi) and A6 (Coaceral) presented higher levels of heavy metals in relation to the others áreas. The values of heavy metals found in the western region of Bahia are lower than the reference values of quality of other states. The soil preparation systems CT and NT presented higher levels than the NC áreas. The increasing order of heavy metals found in the CN was: Cd> Co> N i> Ba> Zn> Cr> Mn > Fe> Al.
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