Composite materials stand out for enabling the development of new materials that are environmentally friendly, whose manufacturing processes and waste are increasingly less harmful, associated with good mechanical properties. In this context, this work sought to investigate the mechanical behavior in flexural and impact of polyester matrix composites with the inclusion of short fibers of sisal, piassava, raffia, mallow and jute arranged randomly. The mechanical properties of flexural were evaluated according to ASTM D 790 and the impact toughness Charpy with the ASTM D 6110 standard. The results showed that when subjected to flexural stresses, the composites presented resistance of 112 .12 MPa for the neat matrix and 35.21; 34.45; 27.29; 25.89 and 20.56 MPa with the inclusion of sisal, piassava, raffia, mallow and jute fibers, respectively. As for the impact test, they showed values of 31.50 kJ/m² for the neat matrix and 57.06; 52.52; 48.03; 38.02; 37.65 kJ/m² with the inclusion of sisal, piassava, raffia, mallow and jute fibers, respectively. Then, the fracture surface of the composites was analyzed with a microscope in order to correlate the fracture aspects with the mechanical properties.
O emprego de cultivares tolerantes à seca apresenta como uma estratégia eficiente para aumentar a produtividade das culturas em áreas sujeitas a períodos de déficit hídrico frequente. Para construir um “padrão de cultivares” o desafio é adequar aos caracteres secundários do germoplasma de milho para os ambientes de estresse hídrico. O trabalho teve por objetivo: identificar híbridos comerciais de milho quanto aos caracteres secundários para o cultivo nos ambientes de baixa altitude e déficit hídrico. O experimento foi implantado em Cáceres (MT) na 2° safra de 2017/18, sob delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: alturas da planta e de espiga, florescimentos masculino e feminino, intervalo entre florescimentos, stay-green, peso de grãos e componentes de produção. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e posteriormente agrupados pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os híbridos comerciais AG8088 PRO2, DKB177 PRO3, MG600 PW e 30F53 VYH se mostraram favoráveis para região de estudo, por possuírem produtividade média alta, sendo recomendados para cultivo no Sudoeste do Mato Grosso. Pode-se selecionar florescimento masculino, altura de plantas e stay-green como caracteres de seleção fenotípica para discriminação de híbridos para programas de melhoramento visando tolerância à seca.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L.; caracteres secundários; safrinha. PHENOTYPIC SELECTION OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR ENVIRONMENTS OF LOW LATITUDE AND WATER DEFICIT ABSTRACT: The use drought-tolerant cultivars presents itself as an efficient strategy to increase productivity of crops in areas subject to frequent periods of water deficit. To build a "pattern of cultivars" the challenge is to adapt to secondary characters of the germoplasm of maize for the environments of drought stress. The study aimed to: identify commercial hybrids of maize on the secondary characters for cultivation in environments of low altitude and water deficit. The experiment was deployed in Cáceres (MT) in second crop 2017/18, in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The following characters were evaluated: plant height and ear, flowering male and female, the interval between flowering, stay-green, grain weight and yield components. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and subsequently grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The commercial hybrids AG8088 PRO2, DKB177 PRO3, MG600 PW and 30F53 VYH proved favorable to the study region, because they have average productivity high, being recommended for cultivation in the southwest of Mato Grosso. You can select flowering male, plant height and stay-green as characters of phenotypic selection for discrimination of hybrids for breeding programs aiming to drought tolerance.Keywords: Zea mays L.; secondary character; off-season.
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