Background: Caesarean section is one of the common surgical interventions to save lives of the mothers and/or the newborns. However there is an alarming rise in caesarean section leading to increased adverse outcomes for both the mother and fetus when compared with vaginal delivery. Within this increasing caesarean section rate, there is a concerning increase in the rate of second stage caesarean section. Due to a limited literature regarding this topic in the Indian scenario, the present study was done to assess the predisposing factors, indications of second stage caesarean section and its fetomaternal outcome. Material and Methods: In Present descriptive longitudinal study 211 patient’s undergone caesarean sections at full cervical dilatation were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pilot study was done for validation, practicality and applicability of questionnaire. Results: In present study most cases were in the age group of 26 to 30 years (38.38%). The most common indication for emergency second stage caesarean section was non-progression of labour followed by obstructed labour. Atopic PPH, hematuria was the commonest intraoperative complications while pyrexia, prolong catheterization was the predominant post-operative complications NICU admission needed for 16.11% babies due to birth asphyxia and respiratory distress. Conclusions: Caesarean section in the 2nd stage of labor is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. These factors needs to be anticipated to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with it. A proper judgment is required by a skilled obstetrician to take a decision for caesarean section at full cervical dilatation.

Introduction: Menopause is an unspoken, unattended, reality of life, the cause of which is still un-deciphered completely by man. Every woman uniquely experiences menopause and it has been given little attention hence gaps exist concerning women's knowledge, attitude and practices. Objective: To determine knowledge, attitudes and practices about premenopausal and menopausal changes among rural women (40-45 Years) of western Maharashtra. Material and Methods: Present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on rural women of 40-45 years of old. Total 200 women were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria using simple random method. A pilot study was done for validation, practicality and applicability of questionnaire. It was carried out using predesigned questionnaire. Results: Maximum participants (39%) were in the age group of 46 to 50 years of age and 88.5% were married. Around 98% of the participants had correct knowledge about the meaning of menopause, on attitude 44% of people believe that menopause has affected their body or daily work and 78% of people believe that menopause means loss of youth. Observation on practices of women showed that around 88% consulted with doctors on the onset of peri-menopausal and menopausal symptoms. Conclusion: It is imperative to intensify efforts to increase knowledge, attitudes and practices related to perimenopause and menopausal changes.