Introduction:Babies and children with gentle lack of hydration regularly have negligible or no clinical changes other than a lessening in pee yield. Alongside diminished pee yield in kids with moderate drying out regularly have dried mucous layers, diminished skin turgor, crabbiness, tachycardia with diminished hair like refill, and profound breath. Methodology: The study was done in Deccan College of Medical Sciences & Owaisi Group of Hospitals. Study population consisted from Infants to children aged till 12 years attending the paediatric Department both OPD and IPD care for acute gastroenteritis are enroll in the study. Aims and Objectives: To estimate the incidence of hyponatraemic dehydrationin neonates and children. To evaluates the clinical features associated with acute gastroenteritis associated dehydration. Results: 80 cases were studied and analyzed to detect Gastroenteritis associated dehydration and its clinical features as a possible risk factor for hyponatremia. It was found that 60% of the males were having acute gastroenteritis while it was 40% in female subjects. The data also reveals that higher incidence of acute GE was noted between 6 to 24 months of age while the lower incidence was found in the subjects above 36 months of age. Conclusion: The clinical impression of the type of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances was fairly consistent with serum electrolytes values. This suggest that routine estimation of serum electrolytes is not necessary however it is necessary whenever electrolyte imbalance is suspected on clinical grounds and in cases which do not respond satisfactorily with routine fluid electrolyte therapy.

Introduction: There are estimated to be 1.4 million children in the world, 75% of whom live in low-income countries. Approximately, 80% of blindness is avoidable. The prevalence of the childhood blindness is estimated from 0.3 per 1000 children in the wealthy region of the world to 1.5 per 1000 children in the poorer countries/regions. Methodology: The study was conducted From January to June 2018, in Princess Esra Hospital, a 1000 bedded teaching hospital, situated in Hyderabad, providing specialized tertiary level health care services to all strata of people. Children studying in the high school in Government and Private school were selected for the present study, the children selected has a history of overall good health. Aims and Objectives: This planned study has been attempted with the accompanying targets, to concentrate on the predominance of refractive errors in school going children and to assess the etiologic proof. Results: The total of 540 children were included in the study with the history of overall good health, which includes 82 females and 25 males diagnosed with refractive errors, shows that prevalence of refractive errors are more in female than compare to males. Conclusion: In this study, it has been recorded that 19.8% of the screened school children have refractive errors. The results showed significant statistical difference regarding the prevalence of refractive errors between children of government and private schools.

No abstract

Introduction: Antioxidants relieve the signs and symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis by decreasing the load of free radicals. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to retrieve and analyse clinical studies investigating systemic antioxidants in the management of OSMF. Material and method: Literature was searched in electronic search engines from 1995 to 2015. The identified titles / abstracts were independently screened according to set criteria for selection of abstracts. The full -text articles retrieved were assessed for eligibility and the eligible studies were assessed for qualitative and quantitative evidence. 9 full text articles were selected and assessed for eligibility. 6 full text articles were eligible for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Meta -analysis was done for mouth opening. Results: The extracted data resulted in 207 subjects using systemic antioxidants. Meta -analysis of the combined data of the studies administering systemic antioxidants as a single entity or in combination with intralesional corticosteroids (n=121) as compared to other interventions (n=121) did not depict significant improvement in mouth opening (SMD = -1.446; 95% CI = -3.332 to -0.439) with significant test of heterogeneity (p = 0.0001 < 0.05). Meta -analysis of the combined data of all the interventional groups (n=207) and control groups (n=203) which depicted that systemic antioxidants as a single entity or in combination with intralesional steroids significantly improve mouth opening v/s controls (SMD = -1.235; 95% CI = -2.263to -0.206) with a significant test of heterogeneity (and p = 0.0001 < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the meta -analysis indicates that antioxidants appear to be effective in management of OSMF, the high degree of heterogeneity and limited amount of data in this systematic review and meta -analysis does not provide a credible evidence to support these observations.

No abstract