The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 18 F-FDG PET/CT is useful for localizing dystonic cervical muscles in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) by comparing disease severity before and disease severity after botulinum toxin (BT) injection into hypermetabolic muscles. Methods: Six patients with ICD underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Dystonic muscles suitable for BT injection therapy were defined as those showing diffusely increased 18 F-FDG uptake. Results: Hypermetabolic cervical muscles were identified in all 6 patients. In 2 patients who underwent PET/CT both in a supine position and in a sitting position during 18 F-FDG uptake, abnormal hypermetabolic muscles were observed by PET/CT only when patients were in the sitting position with their heads and necks in the adopted abnormal involuntary posture. Symptoms were significantly improved in 4 patients who underwent BT injection therapy guided by PET/ CT and who were clinically monitored. Conclusion: 18 F-FDG PET/CT is potentially useful for identifying dystonic cervical muscles for BT therapy in patients with ICD.

Frozen shoulder (FS), also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a common pathologic condition of the shoulder joint. It is characterized by progressive shoulder pain and restriction of the range of motion. 1) Despite its prevalence, FS is one of the most poorly understood shoulder conditions. Its definition, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, natu-ral course, treatment, and prognosis remain controversial. [2][3][4][5] Zuckerman and Rokito 6) surveyed members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) association on the definition of FS to assist clinicians in counseling patients with FS. They reported that the heterogeneity of the definition and classification of FS in previous studies makes it difficult to compare the outcome and prognosis of different studies that describe either diagnostic or treatment modalities. 6) In 1934, Codman 7) suggested that FS will resolve spontaneously even in most severe cases regardless of treatment. However, clinicians often encounter patients complaining of residual pain and loss of motion even at 2

Considering the emphasis on network-centric concepts of warfare in recent battlefield environments, the study of location information has become more important. This is because most military weapons use GNSSs (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) such as GPS and Galileo to track position information. Situations in which it is impossible to use these systems have been increased by many factors such as jamming attacks, reception failure, and politics. In this study, we propose a localization method that uses UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and TDOA (Time Differential of Arrival) method to determine receiver position in situations in which using GNSS is locally impossible. We also consider the building of a slim-budget localization system independent of GNSS and how to operate it efficiently. The simulation results show that our scheme is applicable on battlefield, the feasibility is proved by the accuracy, the DOP (Dilution of Precise) and the coverage.

This study focuses on developing a competency model for project construction team and project control team service, which are the essential responsibilities of construction companies, in order to provide a basic framework for manpower development including employment, education, performance measurement, and organizational ability improvement. Together, these attributes comprise the basics of human resource management and reflect the key characteristics of construction companies. This study analyzed several previous competency model studies, and derived job competency items from a questionnaire-based survey of corresponding job performers centering on various existing competency items established with respect to the characteristics of construction companies. In addition, through interviews with a specialist group, this study derived weights for setting competency levels and facilitating competency evaluation and formulated a project construction team and project control team affair competency model for construction companies. This study tested the validity of the formulated model by analyzing its correlation with the performance of actual construction projects.

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is characterized by congenital weakness, proximal joint contractures, and hyperlaxity of distal joints. UCMD is basically due to a defect in extra cellular matrix protein, collagen type VI. A 37-year-old woman who cannot walk independently visited our outpatient clinic. She had orthopedic deformities (scoliosis, joint contractures, and distal joint hyperlaxity), difficulty of respiration, and many skin keloids. Her hip computed tomography showed diffuse fatty infiltration and the 'central shadow' sign in thigh muscles. From the clinical information suggesting collagen type VI related muscle disorder, UCMD was highly considered. COL6A1 gene sequencing confirmed this patient as UCMD with novel c.904G>A (p.Gly302Arg) variant. If musculoskeletal and dermatologic manifestations and radiologic findings imply abnormalities in collagen type VI network, COL6A related congenital muscular dystrophy was to be suspected.